This study aims to elucidate what types of houses were built, what development entities, and what kind of the inhabitants lived in them, mainly based on the analysis of Daxue Road in modern suburbs in Qingdao, China.
The modern city construction of Qingdao was influenced by the culture of Germany, Japan, and China from 1898 to 1949. Daxue Road located at the edge of the city center at that time, which is near the former site of a junior high school and a university campus. Many people from the upper class lived there. Various kinds of houses were built, and these houses, which are now a historic and vital tourism resource in Qingdao, have been conserved.
The historical materials mainly used in this study are from "Urban Construction Archives, " which include architectural application forms, specifications, and design blueprints from 1929 to 1948 and the cadastral maps which were issued by different governing governments. Besides, "List of Japanese People Residing in China, " published in 1931, "List of Important Chinese and Foreign Personnel Currently Living in Qingdao" issued by Qingdao Public Security Bureau in 1936, is used to analyze the inhabitants.
It is deduced that housing construction activities on Daxue Road began at the end of the First Japanese Reign Period (1914-1922). Due to the establishment of Qingdao Japan Junior High School, a housing complex was built on Daxue Road, and the residents were thought to be its Japanese teachers and employees mainly.
Although Private Qingdao University was established during the period of the Beiyang Government of China (1922- 1929), the most active housing construction might begin around the establishment of National Qingdao University, later Shandong University, during the period of the National Government (1929-1937). Prominent businessmen, naval and educational personnel built independent houses, and duplex houses where two different families lived on different floors. These two kinds of houses resided by the upper-class Chinese.
During second Japan's WWII occupation of Qingdao (1938-1945), the National Government and Shandong University withdrew from Qingdao. Much of the ownership of existing buildings on Daxue Road changed. During this period, construction was mainly about building attached walls or building bungalows, and there were some newly built apartment houses made by average businessmen. The inhabitants changed to the middle class.
The construction activities of modern suburban houses in Qingdao was triggered by the establishment of educational institutions. The principal houses changed from schoolhouses to independent houses and duplex houses, and later apartment houses were built. As a result, Daxue Road has changed from space for educators to a fascinating cultural space by upper-class, then to a more mixed and matured space since it was inherited by ordinary people. Therefore, the supply and demand relationship between developers and residents was going well. A modern framework of Daxue Road has been set up from that time.
抄録全体を表示