東京海洋大学附属図書館における, アーカイブズ文庫の保存整理の取り組みを紹介する。は, 元東京水産大学教授であり海洋学者である。アーカイブズ文庫は, 宇田が遺した研究資料・記録類の集合体とそのデジタルアーカイブの双方を指し, 研究業績集であるとともに一研究者の特殊コレクションであるといえる。資料類保存の経緯についてまとめ, 特徴ある資料の紹介, 整理方法, デジタル化・公開, 活用事例を紹介し, 今後の課題について述べる。

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「海洋學談話會」は，農林省水産試験場の

の発起により，海洋学に関する論著の紹介，試験研究成果の発表，および各職場の会員間の交流を目的として，1932年4月に開始された。東京・月島の水産試験場で月2 回木曜日の例会は1941年2月の172回まで続き，実講演者は80名，延べ話題提供数は506件に達した。この実績に伴う海洋学への情熱と連携の高まりによって提唱された日本海洋学会の創立は，海洋気象台（神戸）に既存していた「海洋学会」と話合いが行われたが，1937年前半に不調に帰した。その後，1939年末における標準海水準備委員会の立上げを切掛けとして，「海洋學談話會」と「海洋学会」との間に妥協が成立し，1941年1月28日に創立に至った。ここでは，「海洋學談話會」の発起，内容，切掛けおよび母体から日本海洋学会創立への紆余曲折の経緯を調べたので，関係科学者の役割も含めて報告する。

キーワード：海洋 學談話會，海洋学会，日本海洋学会，

，日高孝次

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「朝鮮」を「解」と略した「東鮮暖流」「北鮮寒流」という海流名は, 民族差別と闘う連絡協議会によって1991年に「日本の植民地時代以来の差別的な表現」だと見なされ, 文部省 (1992)『学術用語集』から削除された。本報では約30編の文献を精査して「東鮮暖流」「北鮮寒流」は宇田 (1934) に,「西鮮海流」は野満 (1931) に,「北鮮暖流」は日高 (1943) に, 初記載があったことを突き止め, これら海流名の扱い方を考える。平 (2000) が提案した「東朝鮮暖流」「北朝鮮寒流」を取りあえず代替語とする。ただ「東朝鮮暖流」は今後よく使われそうなのに, 口頭では多音節で冗長だから,「東の鮮やかな暖流」の意味を併せもつ「東鮮暖流」という海流名が22世紀またはそれ以降, 朝鮮民族のご了承を得て復活することを希望する。野満 (1931, 1942a, b) が本文では「西朝鮮海流」を, 海流図では「西鮮海流」を用いていた事実は, 海流略称はもともと図面空間節約のため生じたもので, 差別意識とは無関係であった証しである。

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In early Feb. and late Mar., 1952 repeatedly an abnormal strong current (“Kyutyo”) rushed into the coast of Sagami Bay and washed away the set-net fishing grounds of yellow-tail (“Burl”) with severe damages. The author studied of the nature of those stormy currents hitherto recorded in order to mitigate such disasters and obtained some available results on the method of the prediction of the stormy current and the catch of yellow-tail accompanied with it. The stormy current is inferred to occur by the sudden invasion of Kuroshio watermass due to the fluctuation of Kuroshio in large scale which is intensified by the passage of some meteorological disturbances (cyclones or fronts) and the strongest flood of tidal current. The periodicity of the stormy current and the catch were also remarked.

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In this paper, the general oceanographic conditions of the Okhotsk Sea were investigated on the basis of observations made in summer of 1942 on board the ship “Ryofu-maru”, which was conducted by the Hydropraphic Department in cooperation with the Central Meteorological Observatory.
It was found that a conspicuous discontinuity of temperature exists at the depth between 10m and 25m, and the minimum temperature of abont -1.5°C is at the depth of about 100 m.
Also, an examination was made with regard to the state of flowing of water in and out of this region, and it was found that the Pacific water flows into this area through the North Kurile and the Okhotsk water flows out through the Ceutral Kurile.
It was also found that, within this area, the primary current is generally weak, and the current drifted by wind prevails.

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From the records of five years from 1931 to 1935, the writer can follow two loci of the fishing centre of “Sanma”, corresponding to the two branches of Oyasiwo Cold Current (Figs. 1 and 2).
Of the two loci, the coastal one appears from October, while the off-shore one from Sep-tember. In autumn the fishing centre lies at the southernmost head of cold current, usually in the zone of temperature of 16 to 18°C, or is located slightly to the east of it, which is supposed to form a convergent cyclonic vortex. The shoals of “Sanma” migrate in the direction of maximum gradient of surface temperature or that of axial line of the elliptic curves representing equally dense catches. According to the fluctuation of the intensity of two branches of cold current, the fishing at each of two centres relatively grows or decays. Coming down to the region off Kinkwazan, the off-shore fishing centre stays there for a comparatively long period, decaying gradually, while the coastal centre is, to the contrary, gradually animated.

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Recently several investigations have shown that the main fishing ground of “Katuwo, ” Euthynnus rogans (Lesson), in the Pacific region off North-eastern Japan, moves in the zone of temperature 20° to 24°C and is concentrated most abundantly in the region of temperature about 22°C. However, in spite of the same favourable water temperature, the actual distribution of the fishing ground is not uniform but is denser in some regions.
Of the records in 7 years from 1929 to 1935, the writer finds out the following remarkable relation between the locality of the centres of fishing grounds of “Katuwo” and the distribution of water temperature. In summer the fishing centre lies at the northernmost bead of warm current, or is located slightly to the west of it, which forms a convergent cyclonic vortex with northern cold water in the contact zone of the cold and warm waters. Such a region is most conveniently noticed by the steepest temperature gradient between the zones of 15-16°C and of 20-21°C. On the mechanism of such aggregation of shoals, the writer considers that the shoals of “Katuwo” are at first introduced by the invasion of warm current in the region and they are accumulated mechanically by the cyclonic convergent vortex produced between warm and cold current in consequence of the said invasion. The idea previously proposed by the same writer that shoals of “Katuwo” off North-eastern Japan, before they reach the region just stated, migrate keeping pace with the movement of fishing centre, is supported again by the results of the last marking experiment on “Katuwo” carried out in 1935, and also, by the results of investigation on the records of 1932, that the medium size-group appears as the dominant classes of “Katuwo” as in the case of 1933.

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D_EFANT-E_RTEL'S theories⁽¹⁾ on the depression of surface salinity due to precipitations and its recovery after the rains were proved to be applicable to the cases of daily variations of coastal surface salinity in Kominato Bay, with allowance for rather slight deviations.

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Based on the yearly catches of three kinds of fishes, “Buri, ” “Adi” and “Sake, ” classified according to the landing places into (1) Rumoi-Isikari district, Hokkaidô, (2) Siribesi-Hiyama district, Hokkaidö, (3) The Japan Sea coast of Aomori, (4) Akita, (5) Yamagata, (6) Niigata, (7) Toyama, (8) Isikawa, (9) Hukui, (10) Kyôto, (11) Hyôgo, (12) Tottori, (13) Simane, and (14) Yamaguti Prefectures, the relations among the catches at different places and those among the catches and the geographical and oceanographical factors were studied statistically.

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Based on the accurate records reported from the fishing-boats, about fifty in number, distributed on our Pacific side from 1936 to 1938, N-θ. curves of “Katuo” (or the curves of the frequency of the catch of “katuo” as ordinate against the surface water temperature as abscissa) were plotted and examined (Fig. 1). (1) N-θ curve referred to the sea-district off North-eastern Japan shows asymmetrical form, with a clear maximum lying on it, which can be considered as the result of deformation of a normal curve having equal area, as plotted by a dotted line in Fig. 1. On the higher temperature side of N-θ curve, another small and some-what vague maximum is seen, which also corresponds to a smaller probability curve. The asymmetrical deviation of the curve to the lower temperature is explained by the accumulation of shoals of “Katuo” on the line of convergence (Cold Wall) corresponding to the polar front which is especially distinguished in summer. (2) In the southern, Dunan and Satunan, seadistricts, of Japan, N-θ curves are represented by the combination of two or three probability curves approximately.

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The present paper is based on the daily records of the catch of the keddle nets (1) in the Nisimura fishing ground of Gotô in Nagasaki Prefecture and (2) in the Akaisizaki fishing ground on the east coast of Idu Peninsula. The former covers nine fishing seasons of “Buri” (Seriola quinqueradiata T. & S.) 1918 to 1926 inclusive, and the latter six seasons of the same, 1927 to 1932 inclusive.
The catches from the above mentioned two fishing areas consist of “Buri, ” “Iwasi” (Amblygaster melanosticta T. & S.), “Saba” (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn), “Maguro” (Thynnus thynnus (L.)), “Tobiuwo” (Cypsilurus agoo T. & S.) and “Sawara” (Scomberomus niphonius Cuvier and Valenciennes). In the present study, especial reference has been given to the analysis of fluctuation in the catch of “Buri, ” with the following results: -
(1) The size of the yearly catch of “Buri” in the Nisimura fishing ground is significantly correlated with the number of the catches of 1, 000 individuals and over a day (r=+0.82).
(2) The size of the yearly catch is mostly determined by the size of stock of the predominant year class which again depends on the conditions of life during the period of hatching which took place 4-6 years before the fishing. As to “Buri” fished on the Nisimura ground, a very large stock of it is obtained when the meteorological and hydrographical conditions are moderate (Fig. 3).
(3) The correlation between the time of first catch and the average water temperature in January is negligibly low (r=-0.16), and that between the time of the last catch and the average water temperature in March and April is not so high (r=+0.13 and r=+0.45). But the duration of the fishing period between the first and the last catches is longer than usual when the average water temperature in March is lower than that in January (r=+0.65), and when the rising of water temperature is slower than that in average year (Fig. 4).
(4) If the duration of the fishing season of “Buri” is represented by T days, the number of daily catches of “Buri” in T days by n', that of any other fishes by n" and the number of coincidences of both daily catches by p, then the probability of existence of any cause from which the catch of “Buri” is resulted to occur in coin cidence with (or against to) the catch of the other fish in question is numerically represented by the magnitude of the difference of P/T/(n'/T×n"/T) from 1. The data from the Akaisizaki fishing ground give that P/T/(n'/T×n"/T) is 1.0-1.3 for “Iwasi, ” 0.6-1.3 for “Maguro” and 0.5-1.0 for “Saba.”

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A study of the fisheries of “Katuwo, ” Euthynnus vagans (Lesson), in several sea-districts adjacent to Japan in 1933, leads to some interesting results concerning their shoaling conditions - associated objects such as birds, sharks, whales, drifting timbers or what not; whether they are attached to banks or not; denseness of crowding; degree of biting; index of angling; and the size of individuals, which is classified into large (over 3.75kg. wt.), medium (1.88 to 3.75kg. wt.) and small (less than 1.88kg. wt.) sizes - in relation to the frequencies of their appearances and the size of catches.
From the study, for each sea-district, of the months, in which the maximum percentage catch of fishes of each size-group, above mentioned, is attained in the fishing season, the following results of discussions on the migration of “Katuwo” will be given : - (1) The shoals, consisted mainly of fishes of medium size, migrated in 1933 from the southern to the northern sea-district from spring to summer, accompanied, in consequence, by the movement of their fishing grounds. (2) On the other hand, it can be noticed that the local groups found around the banks in southern sea-districts consisted of comparatively high percentage of fishes of large and small sizes in addition to those of medium size.
The composition of various shoals of “Katuwo” in each sea-district has some respective peculiarity. In the northern sea-district the shoals are mainly associated with sharks or without anything and crowded densely in number, while in the southern, they are mainly associated with birds or they are attached to banks and crowded thinly. The leading shoals varies from northern to southern sea-districts in succession from those associated with sharks, to what not, those associated with whales, birds or drifting timbers and to those attached to banks.

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