Two examples of steady magnetic field effects (MFE) on inhomogeneous systems are reported: (1) The molecular adsorption was affected by steady magnetic fields (MF), depending on adsorbed amounts, pore structure, and MF intensity. It inferred that such magnetoadsorption should be accompanied with magnetization changes of the system in adsorbing under MF. Another MFE on adsorption, magnetic-field-gradient-induced adsorption, is shown by mixing an oxide superconductor with a zeolite, which leads to make O₂ in micropores desorb under MFs. Moreover, a kind of magnetosensitized adsorption is referred to: magnetic photoadsorption and the electron spin resonance adsorption. (2) The great MFE on membrane potential (Ψ) of black lipid membranes (BLM) of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) was observed. |Ψ| markedly decreased up to -50% by MFs less than 0.15 T and increased in higher MFs. The MFE seems to occur not via the Lorentz force on ion flux but via cooperative orientation of lipid molecules. The addition of molecules having different magnetic anisotropy to a BLM modified the magnetic responses of BLM. The changes in Ψ due to aramethicin bound to a BLM and to photoexitation of an azo-dye in a BLM were enhanced under MF, which may be a kind of magnetosensitization.

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Geochemical characteristics of surface (0-10cm) sediments (110 samples) collected from the Fujimae tidal flat, Aichi Prefecture, Japan are studied. Tidal flat sediments (<180μm size fraction) in the northwestern region are enriched in Al₂O₃, Na₂O and CaO, but depleted in Zn and Cr, compared with those in the central and eastern regions. These differences are not attributed to the variation in grain size, but rather to that in compositions of detrital materials. The tidal flat sediments at the central and eastern regions are also characterized by the presence of yellowish-brown surface layers less than 3cm thick, which overlie black inner layers. In general, these surface layers are enriched in P₂O₅ compared with the inner layers. This may be attributed partly to redistribution of phosphorus from the inner layer to the surface layer and its adsorption on Fe-hydroxide. Calculations of enrichment factors for minor elements show that some heavy metals such as Zn, Cu and Pb are markedly enriched in the sediments.

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昨今，情報端末の小型化に伴って情報を発信する事が容易になっている．その中でもTwitterは，電話等の代替手段として2011年3月11日に発生した東日本大地震発生時に多く利用された．これはTwitterの特徴として情報発信の即時性と拡散性が高いためである．しかし，大量のツイートが発生する中から，救助要請や救援物資などに関する緊急性のある重要な情報を識別する事は多大な労力が必要であり，東日本大地震の発生時においても情報の精査が課題となった．情報精査に関する研究として，誤った情報の流布を抑止する事を目的とし，誤情報と訂正テキストの関連に注目した研究があるが，必要な情報の識別を行うことは目的とされていない．本研究では災害状況に対して一定の精度での情報抽出を可能とするため，状況に有効な情報の定量化を試み，緊急性のある重要な情報の抽出精度の検証を実施した．

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〔目的〕要支援高齢者の歩数を縦断的に測定し，経時的な変化を介護度の違いを含めて明らかにすること．〔対象と方法〕3軸式加速度計付き歩数計を使用し，要支援1（10名）と2（8名）の1年間の歩数を測定した．〔結果〕両群ともに1年間において歩数は有意に減少し，特に夏期に減少する傾向にあった．介護度別では，要支援2で歩数が有意に少なく，要支援1で歩数の変化率が著しかった．日常生活動作は支援1，2とも維持されていたが歩数は減少し，減少率は介護度により異なった．〔結語〕要支援高齢者に対する理学療法を施行するにあたり，歩数を一つの評価項目として捉えることは重要であり，介護度の違いによる特徴を反映する可能性があることが示唆された．

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本研究では,幼児の食や口腔の健康に関する新たな支援方法の確立の一助とすることを目的とし,都内某区における2007年度の保育園歯科健診に参加した乳幼児1,398名(男児724名,女児674名)の保護者を対象に,児の口腔内状況や食事に関する保護者の疑問や不安についてのアンケート調査を実施した.口腔内に関する疑問や不安の有訴割合は,2〜4歳男児で65〜72%,3歳女児で75%と,乳歯列完成期にあたる時期で高い値を示した.食事に関する疑問や不安では,1歳女児で29%と低かったが,女児の他のすべての年齢および男児のすべての年齢で60%以上の高い有訴割合を示した.具体的な食事に関する項目では,2歳児で「かまない」の有訴割合が他の年齢児よりも有意に高く,「丸飲みをする」では1,2歳児の有訴割合が3〜6歳児よりも有意に高かった(女児の2-3歳間を除く).「食事量が一定しない」では,2〜4歳女児で他の年齢よりも有意に有訴割合が高く(4-5歳間を除く),「好き嫌い」については,男児では2歳児よりも3歳児が,女児では1歳,2歳児よりも3歳児の有訴割合が有意に高かった.以上の結果から,咀嚼に関する項目では比較的低年齢児の保護者で,自食に関する項目では比較的高年齢児の保護者で高い有訴割合がみられるものと推察された.乳幼児期においては,口腔内や食事に多くの疑問や不安がみられるとともに,児の性・年齢によってその頻度も変化することが示唆され,保護者への多方面からの支援が必要と考えられた.

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We have made environmental assessment of the southern area of Yamagata Basin using geochemical map. Fifty-seven stream sediments and 15 rock samples were collected, and 51 elements were analyzed. The study area is roughly divided into four areas by the characteristics of geochemical maps and REE patterns. Statistical analysis of chemical composition in each area reveals that their distribution patterns are strongly affected by geological setting. However, we found the distribution patterns of some elements (As, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hg and Pb) independent on geological setting. In Yamagata City, highly enrichment of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb and Pb is found. The geochemical maps show that the chemical compositions of stream sediments represent those of small river basins (1-50 km²). We have examined how large the catchment area the stream sediment will represent. It is proved that the stream sediment satisfactorily represents the watershed on a wide scale of 1-400 km².

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We created geochemical maps of the Chugoku region, Japan by chemical analysis of 265 stream sediments and examined the background distribution of elemental concentrations. The geochemical maps strongly reflect the surface geology and mineral deposits. Factor analysis applied for our geochemical data suggests that granite, felsic volcanic, and mafic-ultramafic rocks mainly control the spatial distribution of elemental concentrations in stream sediments. The correspondence of elemental concentrations to respective surface geology is clearly revealed by a multiple comparison. The spatial distributions of Be, Na₂O, Nb, rare earth elements, Ta, Th, and U contents correspond to granite distribution. Felsic volcanic rock contributes to high concentrations of Rb, Cs, Ba, and Tl. The distributions of MgO, Al₂O₃, P₂O₅, CaO, 3d transition metals (except Cu), and Sr concentrations are controlled by mafic and ultramafic rocks. The ultramafic rock has very strong influence to the spatial distributions of MgO, Cr, Ni, and Co concentrations, although they crop out in a small area. However, limestone in accretionary complexes has no positive effect on CaO and Sr abundances in stream sediments. The distribution patterns of some elements (Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, Pb, and Bi) have close relationships to the distributions of mineral deposits such as Cu, Zn-Pb, As-Sb, W-Sn-Mo, and Hg deposits. Especially, Akenobe and Ikuno mines (the largest hydrothermal deposits in the study area), and Yoshioka, Mihara, and Koizumi mines (hydrothermal and skarn deposits) contribute to highly enrichments of these elements. However, not all geochemical anomalies for these elements correspond to the distributions of mineral deposits. The active erosion and heterogeneity of ores in stream sediments probably hide their influence to elemental distribution.

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