Algorithmic emergence design method based on a hybridization of L-system and cellular automata is discussed, especially, in the viewpoint of semiotics in the sense of C.S. Peirce. A set of signs generated by a L-system is considered as a representation of a real object by an "interpretation". However, this kind of interpretation is heuristic and a posteriori rather than definitive and a priori. Hence, when we deal with the interpretation enclosed in a computer algorithm, the implementation has no self-evident manner and research and development is necessary. This paper mainly argues about algorithmic definition of the interpretation in the context of the semiotics of C.S. Peirce and algorithmic emergence design. Dynamical behavior of triadic relation among sing-object-interpretation is a key for defining the interpretation as self-evident in the argument.

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An enhanced algorithm of multi-gird calculation for cellular automata field of mechanics is proposed. In the preceding research by the author[5], which proposed multi-grid cellular automata initially, the number of cells, which consist of structural body, is severely restricted by the upper cell layers. Typically each of automaton in the top level grid must consists of 27 automatons in the lowest level grid. Hence, it is considered that the restriction can be critical and spoil the effectiveness of shape description capability of cellular automatons. In this report the latest research results, which get over the bound, is discussed.

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This article describes comprehensively on elements of cellular automata implementation, which the author reported in past papers^{(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)}. First, concept and goal of the research are briefly reviewed in the chapter 2. Then specific algorithmic details of the implementation and their purposes are argued in the succeeding chapter; Essences of SLSF(Single-Layer, Single-Frame) scheme, SLMF(Single-Layer, Multiple-Frame) scheme, MLSF(Multiple-Layer, Single-Frame) scheme and MLMF(Multiple-Layer, Multiple-Frame) are posed. Further, computational results from SLSF and MLMF are compared along with FEM results in the chapter 4. Finally, remaining important algorithmic element, traction-free boundary, is explained briefly.

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Based on the arguments discussed in the previous report, a prototype of hybrid emergent design system, which is a combination of L-system and cellular automata, is reported. As we argued in the previous paper cellular automata could propagate stimulation (change of mechanical states) on the structural body, it is used as a foundation which mechanical instance generated by L-system acts. And the activity of the instance changes the state of the cellular automata. Hence, a bi-directional interaction between theses two emergent systems exists in the proposed design system. Design of such instance, in the perspective of programing object, is depicted and its issues are argued.

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Based on the arguments discussed in the previous report, a prototype of hybrid emergent design system, which is a combination of L-system and cellular automata, is proposed. It is shown that automata can propagate stimulation on the structural body, which is generated by L-system. This gives a foundation for bi-directional interaction between theses two emergent systems. Also, some arguents on "interpretation", which connect abstract sequence of signs generated by L-system to corresponding design solution in real world, are shown. For the purpose, the triadic relation that is originally proposed by C. S. Peirce is introduced. The triadic relation is expanding to dynamic semiotic process, which is expressed by sequence of the triadic relation. Finally, meta-scheme for the hybrid emergent algorithm is proposed.

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A conceptual design of a morphogenesis system, which relies on emergence technology and co-evolution model, is proposed. First, by reviewing current popular emergence design approaches, typically referred to as "algorithmic architecture", meaning and value of the proposed emergence system is confirmed. Next, former emergence based computation model, which was proposed by the authors and was based on cellular automaton, is quickly reviewed for the basis of the proposed emergence system. It is a counter part to FEM/FDM simulations, but it calculates mechanical state variables, such as stress and strain, by purely local rules. Next, limitation of the former model is stated and its resolution, which is done by co-evolution model, is shown. An actor, which constructs forms, is newly introduced and co-evolution between the actor and the cellular automaton is defined as production source of emerging new shapes. Finally, configurations and major points of the formulation of the proposed system is stated and concluded.

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Emergence is one of fundamental properties that govern both artificial/natural complex systems, and it is drawn many attentions in various science fields, such like sociology, economics, biology, physics, psychology, linguistics and so on. However, in general, its definition is conceptual and abstract, and is not efficient as use in engineering design. In this paper, we describe some considerations about efficient definition of emergence in engineering sense, especially related to design synthesis.

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Emergence property is a mechanism that creates non-trivial structures, forms, architectures and so on, from a set of trivial rules. The authors have been proposing such a design algorithm, which enables designers to create various and novel design shapes by means of the emergence property. L-system and cellular automata are the major elements of the algorithm and hybridization of the two algorithms is the key point. L-system is defined to introduce regularity and logic to design shapes generated, while cellular automata is defined to introduce autonomy and adaptiveness to it. In the previous report, we argued that convergence ratio of cellular automaton filed is an issue to realize such a successful hybridization. Low convergence rate comes from crude implementation of cellular automata can miss cooperative behaviors with L-system. To overcome the difficulty we introduce an advanced formulation of cellular automata based on multi-grid scheme and prove the effectiveness in the report.

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A tentative assumption for design method and methodology based on algorithmic emergence is argued. "Emergence" is one of fundamental but impressive characteristics of the nature and it has been inspired number of scientists and designers. In the past when digital design methodologies were not developed, pure products by the nature are only the sources of inspirations Nowadays, artificial products by computer algorithms are attracting great attentions as the sources and many numbers of emergent algorithms have been proposed. In this paper a hybrid algorithm, which is consist of L-system and cellular automata is proposed. It generates design shape and layout. L-system is used for dealing with design concepts and objectives. While cellular automata is used for considering mechanical characteristics of the objects being emerged.

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Emergence is a phenomenon that a set of agents which obeying with simple rules locally generates interpretive global structures, which is not predictable from these rules. In the context of engineering design, concept of emergence is often referred to as generator of striking designs, which are new and innovative. In this paper, a research made by authors will be argued. First past research results are reviewed briefly followed by its one of expected application example: electronic sketchbook. Although it is just a conceptual proposal and doesn't have real substance, it is a nice example of showing flexibility and plasticity of computation system of emergence. Next, a crucial issue of calculation scheme defined by the past research will be stated and future research plan that resolve the issue will be considered. It will be argued that a lack of capability considering dynamic behaviors among agents in the current scheme is seemed to be source of less-performance for generating novel solutions, which commonly expected. And plan of introducing a co-evolution mechanism into current scheme will be considered. In the co-evolution model, current static Euler description of field will be coupled with a dynamic Lagrangian system of agents, and this will be further flexibility and dynamic behavior of computation. Finally, brief conclusion summarizes this paper.

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創発は, 自明な局所ルールからボトムアップ的に非自明な大域現象が生成される性質であり, 実世界システムの有する特性として注目されている. また, デザイン分野においても,創発はデザイン手法の新たなパラダイムとして期待されている. 筆者らは, 形状生成へ創発を適用する基礎研究をこれまで行ってきた. 本稿ではその応用の一つとして, スケッチを描く事と, その構造力学的な挙動の観察が同時に行える電子スケッチブック構想について述べる.

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創発(emergence)は, 明確な局所ルールに従うエージェント の集まりが, ある初期条件や環境の下で, 非明示的な大域現象 を形成する現象である. このとき, 形成された大域現象は局所 （部分）の性質や属性から演繹的に説明できないことが本質的 であり, ある種の創造性をも含意する. このため, 自然システ ムの解明を行う上での基本概念のみならず, デザインの方法 論の一つとしても注目されている. デザインにおける創発の 利用としては, 種々のものが考え得るが, 本稿では力学解析へ の創発性の適用を述べる.

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Emergence property is an idea that population of local agents which obey simple rules of behavior emerges a complex global structure which is not predictable from the rules. Nowadays a number of phenomena in the filed of physics, chemistry, biology, physiology, sociology and information technology are perceived as results of emergence property. In the context of engineering design, emergence property is often referred to a concept of design synthesis. The authors reported an application of emergence property to mechanical analysis of elastic bodies in 2004. In the report we adopted cellar automaton as simulation framework and showed that structural analysis was realized without any global system equations solved. Analysis methods which require a global matrix, such like FEM, FDM, FVM, BEM and so on were not used in the process and purely local calculation emerged global state of stress, strain and deformation of the elastic bodies. In the subsequent report, we also showed an application of topology generation of structure. However, the set of local rules we used has high complexity therefore it inhibited application of proposed algorithm to complex real-world structures. In this report we present a concept of new formulation of the local rules, which aim to apply proposed rules to analysis of real world structures and morphogenesis.

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A new project FIPER founded by NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) was just started in the US. The objective of FIPER is to develop a new distributed design environment including modeling technology(CAD), simulation technology(CAE), cost modeling(CM), and multi-disciplinary optimization technology (MDO) with standard-based technology. And FIPER is aimed to resolve gaps that exist in current design system and reduce developing cycle and costs. This paper tries to project near future direction of Digital Design Environment integrated with Multi-Disciplinary Optimization through briefly reviewing the FIPER projects, and its current status and future plan.

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