The symposium of the Society of Zoological Systematics was held on September 7, 2023 (18:00–20:30) at Yamagata University as a session of the related topics in the 94th Annual Meeting of Zoological Society of Japan. The title of the symposium was “The World of Small Creatures: Interesting Recent Topics on Polychaetes and Amphipods”. Six exciting topics were presented by younger and promising researchers.

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Sentence-final particles imply whether a message-sender's statement succeeds its antecedent situation or the sender commits to start a new situation, and temp message-receivers to join communicative interaction with the sender. This study investigated effects of this function on message-receivers in three experiments in use of sentence-final particle “no” which maintains vague relation between the sender's present statement and its antecedent situation. In experiment 1 the effect of adding “no” on declarative sentences upon impression of the passage-writer was examined. In experiment 2 the effect of “no” upon perception of the writer's intention for interactive discourse was examined. In experiment 3 the effect of “no” upon readers' sense of involvement in the sender's discourse. The material was sentences about behavior in a day of an undergraduate girl,The materials were two versions of a diary -- like prose of a serious campus girl, one of which was composed of declarative sentences and the other was composed of every declarative sentence plus sentence-final particle “no”. The experiments showed the predicted results, that is, the writer was recognized to be less logical when she used sentences with the “no”, and the readers perceived the writer's expectation for readers' participation and sensed involvement in the writer's discourse. A message sender can influence on receivers' impression, behavior, and attitude by making selective use of sentence-final particles. In this sense, strategic use of sentence-final particles is one of rhetoric to control on building interaction with message receivers.

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This study investigated effects of sentence-final particle “no$rdquo; on sentence memory in order to clarify whether the non-referential function of “no$rdquo; could trigger fortuitous interaction in discourse. Sentence-final particle “no$rdquo; has two basic functions in terms of a local chain of communication. One is to imply a message sender's vague commitment to the utterance. The other is to imply awaiting the receiver's involvement in the unsettlement. Based on psychological studies on memory, it was predicted that the both functions of “no$rdquo; would promote memory by awaking receivers' attention in comparison with declarative sentences. In experiment 1 each of twenty simple sentences was visually presented one by one and read aloud in either declarative sentence or adding “no$rdquo; sentence. In experiment 2 a mixed list of ten declarative and ten adding “no$rdquo; sentences was visually presented one by one and read aloud. The results of the two experiments showed that the sentence-final “no$rdquo; sentences were significantly more memorized than the declarative ones. In experiment 3 sentence-final “yo$rdquo; was used in order to examine other sentence-final particle could influence on memory. The “yo$rdquo; implies a message sender's clear commitment to the utterance that specifies a new plot. The result showed that the “yo$rdquo; did not have any effect on memory.

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「かわいい」という印象を与える平面図形の知覚特性を，現代の20歳前半の女性対象にして，その大きさと色彩の側面から検討した．実験の結果，大きさについては実用性に適したサイズより約30％小さいものが，色彩についてはピンクが最も高い評価を得る．

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