One of the causes of accidents at sea involving small boat is not enough lookout. However, there have been few studies on behavior of boat’s operator such as lookout and safety checks on boat.

This research had a purpose which was to compare the behaviors of beginner and expert operators when maneuvering a boat and to reveal the differences between them. We conducted a maneuvering experiment of the operator’s behavior on straight line and altering course on 14 operators. As a result, we found that there was no difference in the number and duration of gaze in straight line course, and expert operators had many gazing time and duration for the 5 seconds before altering course. Begginers were found to be able to lookout when maneuvering, but they cannot found the danger.

These results suggest that boat’s operator keep lookout with understanding of dangerous objects to accidents at sea and contribute to safety navigation.

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The length of experience as a navigator, such as year or a month, is one of important factors in collision judgments. In addition, collision investigations indicate that experience with ships of a specific type, such as specific ship's length or specific gross tonnage, is also important. In this study, we focused on experience with ships of a specific type and investigated the time of action taken based on sea experience using a questionnaire in several navigational situations involving a risk of collision. The results indicated the following. (1) Person with experience on a large vessel tend to make judgments earlier than those with experience on a small vessel. (2) Fisherman's judgments tend to differ from persons with other sea experience. (3) The navigator of a larger vessel tends to experience conflicts of judgment when the larger vessel is standing on and crossing with a smaller vessel. The results were discussed, and the need for further study and education based on human factors was pointed out.

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The behavior of boat operators needs to ensure safe navigation. Operators are expected to be aware of hazards by conducting lookouts to understand their surroundings. Lookout is also described as an important behavior in training texts. It is difficult to know what to look out for at sea, and knowing what to look out for is necessary.

In this study, the gazing points of the operator during navigation around a port were measured with a gazing point measuring device, and a comparative analysis of the gazing points in divided sections was performed. The results also show that the gazing points of the pilots appeared in the expected hazardous areas around the port. However, there were many changes in the surroundings in a small area and there was variation in the movement of the gazing point.

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Marine accidents caused by pleasure boats account for approximately 40% of all ship accidents in Japanese waters. Moreover, according to the results of "People's consciousness surveys concerning the sea, 2010", as carried out by the Japan Maritime Center in 2010, young groups, such as those in their teens, showed a tendency to keep away from the sea. Backed by these, in this study, we confirm the small boat's operators' license system and the change, and search the essence of marine leisure demanding basic act on ocean policy. Next, we investigate the number of successful applicant of the small boat's operators' examination, the number of the registered small boats, the number of domestic shipment of engines, the number of domestic shipment of small boats. Finally, the purpose of this study is to suggest and propose the increase measures of the small boat's operators for the popularization of the marine leisure and improvement of the small boat operators' license system.

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This study describes a result of a survey about understanding marine traffic laws and actions that are taken by small craft navigators. The survey asked small craft navigators what they take into consideration while steering, as well as what they feel about maritime traffic laws. Three points were investigated. The results of the survey showed that small craft navigators don't completely understand marine traffic laws. Therefore there is a possibility that they navigate with a misunderstanding of marine traffic laws. When small craft navigators make avoidance maneuvers among ships, they avoid them at a distance that is shorter than the distance required by ship. It was supposed that how small craft navigators avoid ships at a shorter distance was what made ship navigators uneasy. Furthermore, the survey showed that small craft navigators tend to hesitate when making avoidance maneuvers. Consequently, in order to solve this problem, this study suggests a "special rule" that demonstrates marine traffic laws more simply and easier than existing traffic rules. This "special rule" expects small crafts to take the lead in ship-avoidance maneuvers. In addition, 80% of the surveyed small craft navigators were in agreement with the idea of implementing a "special rule."

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In past years, rare marine leisure activities were conducted within Korean water. Korean government currently focus on promoting the pleasure boat activities with the purpose of developing it as the new tourism industry. However, with the increasing of pleasure boat activities within Korean water, more and more marine accidents or collisions between pleasure boats appear gradually. It also brings Korean government the new issue to manage marine activities such as pleasure boats in safe. Actually, it seems insufficient to achieve the captioned purpose only by setting the relevant laws and regulations for leisure boats. Further measures to improve the safety of marine pleasure boat activities should be considered additionally.
Therefore, this paper will discuss ① The current situation of pleasure boats in Korea, ② The comparison to safety policies between Korea, Japan and UK ③ The suggestion to develop Korean marine leisure culture. This paper will also propose the direction to improve safe activities from personal, organizational and governmental aspects respectively.

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