Mycobacterium kansasii (M.kansasii) is a causative agent of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM), and is the second most common cause of NTM after the
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in Japan, accouting for 14.1% of cases. It is a highly virulent organism, and chemotherapy is known to be the only effective treatment for NTM. Men account for more than 80% of the cases, and many of them reportedly have no history of smoking or respiratory disease. Imaging studies have indicated that bronchitis is more common than cavitary lesions in women. However, with the number of patients with NTM increasing yearly, cases of young female patients with cavitary lesions have been reported. Recently, we also encountered two women in their twenties with
M.kansasii infection presenting with cavitary lesions.
A review of the literature shows that thin-walled cavitary lesions with fine-granular shadows are seen in the right lung apex of healthy women in their twenties with
M.kansasii infection, which tends to be resistant to INH, but suggests that three-drug chemotherapy with INH, RFP, and EB may be expected to lead to remission.
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