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  • 井上 正文
    木材保存
    2005年 31 巻 2 号 78-81
    発行日: 2005/03/25
    公開日: 2009/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 課題研究I 国際教育協力における日本型教育実践の応用可能性
    田中 統治
    比較教育学研究
    2008年 2008 巻 36 号 147-154
    発行日: 2008/01/30
    公開日: 2011/01/27
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 佐々木 夕介, 山田 深
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2006年 71 巻 608 号 173-179
    発行日: 2006/10/30
    公開日: 2017/02/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    By studying articles written by contemporary architects, published in "Shinkenchiku" and "Shinkenchiku, Jutaku-Tokushu" from 1970 to 1999, this report aims to illustrate how architects have related architectural programs, such as requirements for building and concerns of architects, to architecture. At first, the contents of these architectural programs were studied and were categorized into three different groups: Human, Building and Surroundings. Then the relations between these programs and architectural practices were analyzed with the KJ method. Their relations were abstracted into two different levels: the level of the Form of Relation and the level of the Intermediary of Relation. Finally, with this report we clarified various relations between architectural programs and architecture, and studied spatial conceptions by architects of those relations.
  • ―都内3繫華街のワークショップを通した滞留行為を阻む空間要素の抽出から―
    大和 英理加, 後藤 春彦, 吉江 俊, 林 書嫻
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2023年 88 巻 810 号 2336-2347
    発行日: 2023/08/01
    公開日: 2023/08/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    This research focuses on the Defensive Architecture(DA), which prevents people from staying in public spaces, and collects and categorizes them through workshops. The first WS revealed the presence of 21 different DAs. The second WS defined the “depth of nonrecognition” and the 21 DAs were divided into 6 stages. Furthermore, the field survey revealed that there are three types of Defensive Environments with spatial extents in which multiple DAs act to alienate squatters. The study of “Defensive Architecture” is a good clue for us to think about how to use public space.

  • 早川 小百合, 田路 貴浩
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2021年 86 巻 781 号 1123-1133
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/03/30
    ジャーナル フリー

     The study aims to reveal Charles-Edouard Jeanneret’s theories of urban morphology in the unpublished manuscript “La construction des villes” through the concept of parti, and to clarify the ideological background of the manuscript. This paper deals with the parti of city blocks.

     In chapter one, the background and structure of “La construction des villes” are briefly reviewed. Emery’s edition of “La construction des villes” consists of the esquisse of 1910, texts of 1910, and résumé of 1915. This study deals with the texts of 1910, which is the main part of the manuscript.

     In chapter two, the meaning of parti is examined. It is known that parti referred to the basic concept or layout of architecture in École des Beaux-Arts in the nineteenth century. However, it is not clear what parti means in urban design. In “La construction des villes, ” there are eighteen instances of the word parti, and the word often refers to the elements consisting of a city, such as city blocks, streets, and plazas. Jeanneret applied parti, which had been used in architecture, to urban design to mean the types of elements of the city, and discussed parti as a theme of the manuscript mainly regarding city blocks, streets, and plazas.

     In chapter three, the manuscript is examined carefully. This study deals with the elements of a city: namely city blocks, streets, and plazas, in that order. First among the subjects of this paper is the city block.

     In chapter four, descriptions of the parti of city blocks, including sentences without the word parti, are extracted. These partis are then classified into three patterns: type of courtyard, grouping, and isolation. To evaluate them, Jeanneret used the following criteria: hygiene, the number of houses per city blocks, the economy of façades, the beauty of residential yard perspectives, the diversity of street perspectives, street-facing façades, and the use of the right angle. These criteria are classified as practical or aesthetic. The former is based on principles of hygiene and of economy and consists of hygiene, the economy of façades, and the number of houses per city block. The latter comprises the beauty of residential yard perspectives, the diversity of street perspectives, street-facing façades, and the use of the right angle. It is founded on principles of the use of the right angle, diversity of perspectives, and visual closure. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that Jeanneret praised visual closure and criticized open space by using the word “vide.” On the one hand, the principles of visual closure and diversity of perspectives have a picturesque caractère, while on the other hand the use of right angle has a monumental caractère. Jeanneret evaluated positively both monumental right angles and picturesque curves, and signs of Le Corbusier’s preference for right angles seem already apparent.

     In the concluding chapter, analogies between famous housing plans and Jeanneret’s diagrams are pointed out. The row house diagram criticized by Jeanneret for its monotony resembles an industrial village in nineteenth-century England, for example, and the hexagonal diagram by Jeanneret is similar to the hexagonal alternative to rectangular plans in early nineteenth- and twentieth-century America. Therefore, it is suggested that Jeanneret’s thoughts on housing development did not stray from the norms at that time.

  • 阿部 大輔
    都市計画論文集
    2010年 45.3 巻 211-216
    発行日: 2010/10/25
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    本稿は、スペイン・バルセロナの市街地拡張プラン(1859年)を作成した土木技師イルデフォンソ・セルダに着目し、彼の大著「都市計画の一般理論」(1867年)の構築に至るまでの各種理論書の展開やそこで示された計画概念の包括的な特徴を明らかにするとともに、それらの継承関係、連続性を解明することを目的とする。セルダは旧市街の「改善」ならびに新都市の「拡張」のために必要な理論を構築する過程において、徐々に論点を物理的な空間の平等性から開発に際する地権者の経済的な平等性へと移していったこと、プランの実施にあたってもとの内容に必ずしも固執せず、理想を各段階での現実と調和させるだけの柔軟性を持ち合わせていたことなどが明らかとなった。
  • ホテルの建設と住宅地開発を中心に
    樋渡 彩
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2017年 82 巻 739 号 2431-2439
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     The present paper aims to clarify the territorial transformations occurred during the first half of the 20th century at the Lido in Venice.
     The Lido, island facing the Adriatic Sea, had preserved a rural atmosphere, to be altered gradually by the opening of the public sea baths on 1857 and the consequent touristic developments. The end of the 19th century saw paved roads, lodges, inns and villas occupy vast areas of the island. The creation of the international film festival on 1932 further increased the number of both domestic and international visitors, consummating the transformation of the landscape. Still nowadays numerous film lovers and creators flock to the island by the end of August to attend the cinematic event.
     In the aftermath of the collapse of the Venetian republic, with its economy shattered, the prospect of creating a modern tourist base at the Lido was well received. Its development became a symbol of regeneration and modernization of Venice. This study emphasizes the analysis of urban transformations occurred at the island during this period from a chronological point of view.
     The Lido brimmed with new, modern life styles with the arrival of tourism. Wealthy patrons, during their long stays, thrived at majestic hotels lining up broad planted avenues. Initially the development efforts lied on private initiatives, without much public funding. It was thanks to the likes of Nicolò Spada and ‘Società Bagni di Lido’ that the Lido saw its first big transformation.
     By the mid 1920's the government finally realized the potential of development in the Lido area and heavily invested in the promotion of cultural activities, essentially through close collaboration with Volpi and his C. I. G. A. Society. They were responsible of the consolidation of Venice as a major international touristic destination during the interwar period, sustaining the construction of the airport and the implementation of the vapporetto lines. Furthermore, the Commune and C. I. G. A. played a fundamental role in the accomplishment of the città-giardino, a new living environment.
     Lido, a suburb of Venice, transformed into a touristic resort albeit preserving many of its natural features. In this respect, its development greatly differs from those of the Terraferma municipalities of Marghera and Mestre. At a time in which expansion of rail network and economic prosperity after the war enhanced touristic developments all over Europe, Lido stood out as a very special place, due to its significant cultural value and its peculiar approach: visitors descended the train on the main island and could not but sail a boat through the Laguna in order to reach their final destination.
  • 山名 淳
    近代教育フォーラム
    2000年 9 巻 41-56
    発行日: 2000/09/25
    公開日: 2017/08/10
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 大嶽 陽徳, 泰永 麻希, 奥山 信一
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2017年 82 巻 739 号 2295-2304
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     The commemoration of specific people and events has been one of the important role of architectures in society since a long time ago, as Adrian Forty, who is a famous historian states that “The creation of buildings for commemoration is one of the oldest purposes of architecture. The expectation that works of architecture can prolong collective social memory of persons or events beyond the mental recollections of individuals who knew or witnessed them at first hand has been a regular feature of architecture since antiquity, ···” in “Words and Buildings: A Vocabulary of Modern Architecture”. In contemporary architectures the memorial architectures are built with the purpose of the commemoration. Here we aim to illustrate contemporary Japanese architect's thoughts on the commemoration by investigating design theories of the memorial architecture.
     Initially several descriptions about the architect's intention in designing the memorial architecture were extracted from each design theory. First these descriptions were analyzed by applying the method created by Jiro Kawakita, and were classified into two meaning ; one is the meaning proper to commemoration, which contains “expression of the commemoration object” and “transmission of the commemoration object”, the other is the meaning attendant on commemoration, which contains “relationship with local society”, “relationship with surrounding environment” and “relationship with interior capability”.
     Secondly the combination of these meanings in each design theory was studied. Then following characteristic design theories were found ; the design theory in which an intention about the meaning attendant on commemoration is described and the design theory in which both intentions about the meaning proper to commemoration and intentions about the meaning attendant on commemoration are described.
     Thirdly several descriptions about the way to represent the architect's intention were extracted and analyzed. The descriptions of the representation were abstracted into two different level ; the level of object to represent and the level of character of the object. Then the object to represent was classified into “whole” and “part”, and the character of the object was classified into “shape”, “color - material”, “composition” and “scale”.
     Consequently, the relationship between the architect's intention and its representation were analyzed, and following characteristic relationships between the architect's intention and its representation were found ; the meaning proper to commemoration and “part”, the meaning attendant on commemoration and “whole”.
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