Hsin Hai Revolution was a conclusion of the democratic movement of the Chinese people which had kept on developing since the end of 19th century. Objectively speaking, the characteristics of the Revolution were anti-Imperialism and anti-Feudalism; that is to say, it was Bourgeois Democratic Revolution. The object of the Revolution lay in overthrowing Imperialistic Powers and Feudal forces as the then Chinese ruling class (Ching Ch'ao) which had been working in conspiracy with these great Powers. The revolutional forces consisted of laborers, peasants, petit bourgeois and bourgeois. Of course, the bourgeois played a leading part in bringing out this Revolution. The laboring class had not yet matured. And the farming populations were not under the proper guidance of the bourgeoisie. The Revolution, therefore, succeed in overthrowing Ching Ch'ao, but the problems of anti-Imperialism and anti-Feudalism remained unsettled. In short, it had not been able to uplift the main contradictions of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society since the Opium War in 1840.
The failure of the Revolution was caused by the fact that the enemy forces—Imperialistic and Feudal forces—were too powerful and the revolutional forces, compared with them, were too poor. There were many causes for the weakened revolutional forces, but the main cause lay in the lack of consciousness and selfconsciousness of the leaders in order to carry out farming revolution and to settle the anti-imperialistic issues. After all, the Revolution failed, but it has served as a living lesson to the Chinese revolutions henceforward.
The Neo-Democratic Revolution by Mao Tse-tung developed on the basis of this lesson, gave birth to New China. In conclusion, we can say that this Hsin Hai Revolution has brought forth New China.
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