A 70 years old woman was admitted to the Nihon University Hospital in December 1974 because of general fatigue, loss of appetite, hepatomegaly and papules for 2 months. The platelet counts on admission was 3.2×10
6/μ
l, the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed marked increase in number of magakaryocytes. The diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia was made on the base of thrombokinetic studies.
Total 198mg of Busulfan was given to maintain platelet counts between 0.5 and 1.7×10
6/μ
l.
In April 1979, the platlet counts decreased to 0.14×10
6/μ
l, leukocyte counts was 35,200/μ
l, with 87.5% of blast cells. Bone marrow aspiration showed 71.8% of blast cells with Auer rods. Diangosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia was made. A complete remission was not achieved with various antileukemic agents. She died of intracranial bleeding in October 12, 1979. Our case and 7 case of blastic transformation from essential thrombocythemia in literature were discussed.
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