The Hand Test scores were studied concerning the offense of institutionalized male delinquents to investigate whether the conclusions by Wagner through American samples could be applied to Japanese ones. The following groups were selected: I. Non-assaultive offenders against property, Ⅱ. Assaultive offenders against the person, Ⅲ. Single offenders, Ⅳ. Group offenders, Ⅴ. Recidivists, Ⅵ. One-time offenders, Ⅶ. Normal high school boys at the age of 16 or 17. I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ (all recidivists) were from the Reformatory & Training Shool while Ⅴ and Ⅵ were from the Classification & Detention Home. The median test was employed for detection of significant differences between groups. Our results are:

1. No significant differences in all the scoring categories were found between I and Ⅱ, which would indicate any support for the conclusions of Wagner.

2. The total number of responses is significantly fewer with Ⅲ than with Ⅳ. Ⅲ also tended to give fewer responses on the both of interpersonal and maladjustive categories than Ⅳ.

3. There were significantly more subjects with high AOR (AOR>1) among Ⅵ than among Ⅴ. Non-recidivists and high school boys belonged to the groups with median AOR higher than I, suggesting that recidivists tended to have lower AOR. This was contrary to the previous results on American and Australian subjects.

4. Related to AGG and AFF significant differences did not appear in any comparison of groups, though Ⅱ tended to have more AFF and more AGG. It should be remarked that aggressive persons were found possessing a higher degree of emotion, negative or positive in interpersonal relations it might be.

5. All recidivist’s groups (I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ) gave significantly fewer DIR than high school boys. DIR, which is said to reflect assertiveness, seemed to be an effective indicator for the recidivism of Japanese delinquent boys.

Though none of the expected hypothesis about indicators of aggression were confirmed with Japanese delinquents, this lack of confirmation in responses is interesting in itself from the cross-cultural viewpoint. Following factors may affect Hand Test protocols of our subjects.

a) Dr. DOI suggested “AMAE” ____ which has a somewhat opposite flavor to DIR and AGG ____ is the key concept for understanding the Japanese personality structure. It is inferred from the lack of similarity found among our subjects that aggression in Japanese should manifest itself in a different way.

b) Japanese adolescents may not experience the same psychological process as American youth do, because in Japan the child-rearing pattern colored by“AMAE”relationship is considered to curtail adolescent striving for psychological independence.

c) Especially, in Japan recently under the pressure of going on social changes, non-aggressive delinquents with weak ego structure have been reported to increase. The results of present study may have been influenced by this trend.

本稿は、作田啓一（一九二二～二〇一六）の学的営為を、「社会学者」という役割と「文学」から得た人間の生への関心との“分裂”という観点から再構成した。 作田の仕事については一九六〇年代の日本社会論や戦争犯罪に関する研究のほか、ルソー研究、さらに、ドストエフスキーや夏目漱石などの文学作品を用いた「文学社会学」などが知られているほか、「人間の非合理的な生の現れ」である「〈リアル〉の探求」という問題関心の一貫性が指摘されている。それに対して、本稿は作田における“社会学者”としての側面に注目した。作田は一九五〇年代から一九九五年まで大学に籍を置き、社会学の世界に身を置いていたが、一九六〇年ころから自身の社会学者という「役割」に違和感を持ち続けており、つねに自身の中に社会学者としての“分裂”を感じていた。本稿はこれらの事実を踏まえ、作田と社会学との関係を、著作における「社会」への視点の変化をもとに再構成し、彼の業績を、一九六〇年代までの“内面化された「社会（学）」第一期”、一九七〇年前後の”「社会(学）」への疑念：第二期、一九七〇年代から八〇年代にかけての“「社会（学）」との往還：第三期”、一九九〇代後半以降の“「社会（学）」の〈外〉の探求」：第四期”という四期に分類した。従来、作田の仕事については文学から得た人間の生への一貫した関心が指摘されていたが、本稿を通して作田が社会学という知識体系に“拘束”され続けていたことが示された。ただし、たしかに社会学は作田を拘束するものであったが、社会学という知的世界に拘束されていたからこそ、彼は魅力的な仕事を多く残したのである。