中国の紅麹はその鮮やかな色素と生理的機能が注目されているが, 黄麹と比べて製法が複雑で長時間を要する。そこで製法の要点と味噌・醤油などへの応用について解説していただいた。

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　本研究の目的は，日本における老華僑にとっても，また新華僑にとっても代表的な僑郷である福建省の福清における現地調査に基づいて，僑郷としての福清の地域性，福清出身の新華僑の滞日生活の状況，そして新華僑の僑郷への影響について考察することである。1980 年代後半～ 1990 年代前半における福清出身の新華僑は，比較的容易に取得できた就学ビザによる集団かつ大量の出国が主体であった。来日後は，日本語学校に通いながらも，渡日費用，学費などの借金返済と生活費確保のために，しだいにアルバイト中心の生活に移行し，ビザの有効期限切れとともに不法残留，不法就労の状況に陥る例が多かった。帰国は，自ら入国管理局に出頭し，不法残留であることを告げ，帰国するのが一般的であった。1990 年代後半以降には，福建省出身者に対する日本側の審査が厳格化された結果，留学・就学ビザ取得が以前より難しくなり，福清からの新華僑の送出先としては，日本以外の欧米，オセアニアなどへも拡散している。在日の新華僑が僑郷に及ぼした影響としては，住宅の新改築，都市中心部への転居，農業労働力の流出に伴う農業の衰退と福清の外部からの労働人口の流入などが指摘できる。また，新華僑が日本で得た貯金は，彼らの子女がよりよい教育を受けるための資金や，さらには日本に限らず欧米など海外への留学資金に回される場合が多く，結果として，新華僑の再生産を促す結果となった。

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The monograph describes the history of sales contract in China from about the second century B. C. up till the recent years. References were made to the old bills of sale discovered by Stein, Pelliot and Hedin at Tung-huang and Chü-yen, as well as to the latest data accumulated by Japnese scholars through an on-the-spot investigation of the Chinese legal practices.
Until the later days of the Ch'ing dynasty, movable properties were sold against cash payment and.plots of land were transacted in contract re and it.was only in the, modern times that the contract consensu came into practice.
The monogrph also describes how the contracts became effective and how the transaction was conducted. The explanation on the sales of real estate, slaves and cattles are separated from that on the sales of ordinary movable properties, because in the former case compliance with certain formulae was legally required and in the latter case not.
Earnest money was deposited for the purpose of securing fulfilment of the obligation but later it enabled one of the parties concerned to cancel the sales contract, though of course the earnest money was seized by the other party in that case.
The Chinese word "Chüeh-mai _??__??_" (sale) gives the impression as if no condition was attached to sales contracts. But sometimes the deeds of "Chüeh-mai " contained the clause for redemption. And it was a common practice for the seller'to ask the buyer to pay additional money after the full payment was made. This fact indicates that legal relation between the 'buyer and the seller was not established once and, for all but that it was unstable and unsettled. Sales with a clause for redemption were not distinguished from the pledge contract. It was only in the modern times that the difference between a pledge contract and sales with a clause for redemption was brought to clear consciousness.
Various kinds of compensation were promised by the parties of a sales contract in clauses attached to the bill of sales. The compensation was intended for such cases as one of the parties failed to fulfill his obligation or the property sold belonged to the third party. The wording of these clauses became more and more complicated as the history proceeds. This development is connected with the fact that the Chinese people could not rely on the power of the Government to safeguard their right. Much light will be cast on the custom of lao-ch'i _??__??_ (title-deeds) and of requiring a witness or witnesses in concluding a sales contract, if they are viewed from this angle.

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