This article uses cases of statelessness to examine the political dynamic of exclusion and inclusion involved in a system of nationality.
  Stateless person means a person with no nationality or one who is not legally a citizen of any nation state. Here, I will pay attention to two cases, one that of ethnic Koreans in Japan, and the other Japanese war orphans coming from China to live in Japan. These two cases are similar in some ways. Firstly, the migrations were forced by the socio-political environment. Secondly, transitions in international relations and the changing policies of nation states resulted in the alteration of their nationalities and even led them to become stateless.
  Issues of stateless persons have been neglected and seldom paid attention to. Here, by analyzing these two cases, especially concerning (1) historical background and clarification of how they became stateless, (2) the gap between identity card designations and real nationality, and (3) the mental effects of being stateless, this paper would like to stress the existence of stateless people by clarifying the political dynamic of nationality which has been excluding them. Also, this paper would like to suggest the importance of studying stateless people in this global era, a group of people with a unique identity free from nationalism and ethnicity.

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本稿は，朝鮮籍を有する若い世代の在日朝鮮人の語りから，彼らのナショナル・アイデンティティについて考察し，さらには彼らが政治的／社会的に不利な状況を打破するために打ち立てる生存と連携のための戦略のあり方を明らかにするものである。
朝鮮籍者は，在日朝鮮人の法的地位が変遷していくなかで，一貫して管理対象として取り扱われ，「無国籍者」あるいは「北朝鮮国民」として一方的に規定されてきた．ただし，こうした管理体制のもとで，朝鮮籍者が一貫して受動的な生を営んでいるわけではない．朝鮮籍者はみずからが維持している朝鮮籍を，あらゆる眼差しを受けながら解釈しなおし，朝鮮籍に積極的な意味づけを行おうとする．また，こうした実践は，つねに日本人／日本籍者／「ダブル」など，異なる他者との日常的なコミュニケーションのなかで行われる．それゆえ，朝鮮籍問題をめぐる連帯構築に向けた模索からは，日常生活に根ざした「権力性を伴わない開かれた連帯」の可能性をうかがい知ることができる．

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Refugees, immigrants and exiles are international human movements arising from religious, political and economic reasons and are contemporary issues. Japan was faced with serious refugee problems for the first time about 100 years ago, when, in the turmoil of the Russian revolution of 1917 and the subsequent Civil War, about one million displaced people from Russia were scattered all over the world and a part of them flowed into Japan located at the edge of the Far East.
This paper is an attempt to clarify the change of the Japanese government’s policy on the issue of the Russian refugees over the 1917–1925 period based on the communication exchanged between overseas diplomatic missions and the Foreign Ministry of Japan. The roles of overseas foreign missions as well as the situations in the country producing refugees and the countries or regions where the displaced people were temporarily staying are also examined.

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