Potentiometric titration in acetic anhydride has been carried out for eighteen flavones which have various substituents on the side-phenyl group ([2]∼[4]), or on the condensed benzene ring ([15]∼[18]), to determine their basicities from half-neutralization potentials (HNP). In both series of the flavones, there is an excellent linear relationship between the pKBH+ values and Brown-Okamoto's σ+ constants. High coplanarity of the side-phenyl group with the benzopyrylium ring system is concluded in the flavylium cation.

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2'-Hydroxychalcones ([1a]∼[1g]) gave corresponding flavones ([2a]∼[2g]) by reaction with sulfur in boiling N, N-Dimethylformamide(DNIF), in comparatively short time and high yield.
In this reaction the anionic species may participate, and flavones would be formed directly from chalcones but not via the corresponding flavanones.

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Many acupuncturists have experienced the effects of acupuncture for circulatory improvement, however experimental confirmation of their results is limited.
As we reported already the inhibiting effects on the cardiac beat when acupuncture is administered at the right supraorbital notch have been proven experimentally.
Since our last report, we have studied the changes of hemodynamics, using simultaneous recording of sphygmoplethysmography, electrocardiography and sphygmomanometry.
Acupuncture was administered at the left supraorbital notch. Measurements were taken six times; before treatment, during treatment, immediately after treatment, 30 seconds, 1 minute and 5 minutes after treatment. Experiments were performed on normal healthy adults. Subjects were divided at random into two groups; experimental group and control group.
Influences to peripheral vessels with supraorbital acupuncture included the acceleration of vascular contractions. The height of the pulse wave and the effect of cardiac beat action index dropped 40%, Arteriole volume elasticity increased 60%.
These changes began to occur during treatment and continued for 30 seconds after treatment. Five minutes after treatment the vascular contractions decreased.
It was observed that the cardiac cycle, RR time of ECG was prolonged when acupuncture was administered at the right supraorbital. On the other hand, acupuncture at the left side showed no effects.
QT time, phase of isovolumetric ventricular contractions, index of heart strength and ejection time did not change and influence to myocardial contractility was not observed.
Systolic blood pressure dropped 5mm Hg, however, diastolic blood pressure did not change.
It was formerly stated that stimulation to the right vagal nerve stimulated the cardiac cycle but on the left side had no influence. Our results did not contradict these statements.
In spite of unchanged myocardial contractility and accelerated peripheral vascular contractions, the blood pressure was depressed.
These results suggested that a decrease of left ventricular output was caused by the decrease of venous blood flow.
Therefore, the cardiac output will have to be studied precisely.

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Basicities of methyl-substituted coumarins ([1]-[29]) have been determined by the spectrophotometric method. It was found that the introduction of methyl group at the C-4position increased the basicity, whereas the methyl substitution at the C-3 position gave no effect. Introduction of two methyl groups at both C-3 and C-4 positiions greatly enhanced the basicity. The Hammett relationship between the basicity and ∑σ of methyl substituents in the ben. zene ring was found to hold for 3-methyl, 4-methyl, 3, 4-dimethyl and unsubstituted coumarins. The Huckel MO calculations have been also carried out for these coumarines. The ΔEπ values for the acid-base equilibria and the π-electron densities on the carbonyl oxygen showed fairly well linear correlations with the observed pKa values.

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フラバノン[1]のDDQによる脱水素反応を乾燥ベンゼン中, 酢酸の存在下で行ない, そのときの反応速度をHPLC分析によって求めた。この反応はフラバノン濃度とDDQ濃度に関する二次反応として表わすことができ, そのさい見かけの二次反応速度定数, k_2,aは酢酸の初濃度の1/2乗に比例し, さらにその対数は酸強度 (ρK_a)にも比例することが明らかとなった。
またフラバノンの2-位の側鎖フェニル基上に種々の置換基を導入した11種のフラバノン誘導体([2]～ [12])について同様な反応を行ない, 速度におよぼす置換基効果を検討した結果, k_2,aは求電子置換基定数, σ⁺に対してすぐれたHammett型直線自由エネルギー関係を与え, 電子供与性基は反応を促進し, 求引性基は速度を減少させた。反応はキノールカチオンによるヒドリドィオン, Hの引抜き段階を律速とする二段階イオン機構に沿って進行するものと考えられる。
Arrhenius-プロットから得た活性化パラメーターの検討の結果, この反応では等速関係劉が成立し, 算出された等速温度, β の値から反応がエンタルピー支配で進行することが判明した。

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γ-ピロン〔1〕～〔4〕,クロモン〔5〕～〔15〕,フラボン類〔16〕～〔21〕の21種を合成し,それらの塩基性度を測定した。任意に選んだ8種の誘導体おのおのについて,硫酸一水系中,Hammettの酸度関数石H0を指標として分光光度法によって測定したpKBH+と,複合電極を用い無水酢酸中,過塩素酸の酢酸溶液による電位差滴定法から求めた半中胸電位(HNP)との間に,すぐれた直線性が存在することを見いだした。この場合,電位差滴定法において無水酢酸はこの種の有機弱塩基類の塩基性度に対して,良好な示差能力をもつことが明らかになった。よって他の誘導体についてはすべて電位差滴定法からHNPを測定し,pKBH+を決定した。
塩基性度の序列は,γ-ピロン>フラボン>クロモンの順であり,さらにピロン環の2-位のメチル基はその塩基性度をいちじるしく増加させ,逆に3-位のメチル基はそれを減少させることが判明した。この3-メチル置換誘導体を除いて,pKBH+とHuckel分子軌道法から計算される塩基-共役酸間のπ-電子エネルギー差,および塩基のカルボニル酸素原子上のπ-電子密度との間に満足しうる相関性が得られた。

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In 1985, the Civil Law Division of the Legislative System Deliberation Council commenced deliberation on amendment to the Land Lease Act(1921), the Building Lease Act(1921) and the Building Protection Act(1909). The Civil Law Division led legislation of the new Land and Building Lease Act(1991), referencing the opinions of various sectors. The amendments made cover many areas, but it is understood that the newly introduced legislative principle is totally different from the past one, whose central notion was the protection of the tenant. In view of this, this paper is intended to define the legislative principle of term land lease rights based on an overview of the Term Land Lease Right(Article 22 of the Act). In addition, two other types of rights have been established, the Land Lease Right with Special Condition for Building Transfer (Article 23 of the Act) and the Commercial Land Lease Right (Article 24 of the Act). As a result of the new action, three new types of term land lease rights have come into being, adding variety to the Land Lease Right, which is bound to be invalidated with maturity of the given term. In contrast, there used to be two types of rights: the Common Rental Land Usage Right and the Short Term Land Usage Right. So as to define the legislative principle of term land lease rights, it is necessary to clarify the importance of the course of changes in legislative and social significance of acts relating to land and building lease after the Meiji Period. This is necessary because with land lease rights as defined in European countries and the United States of America, land and the buildings on it are taken to be inseparable property as a premise, and with usage rights, both land and the buildings on it are automatically taken to belong to the landlord without any additional action. However, the Japanese attitude toward the situation is different. The traditional Japanese principle toward land lease rights has developed uniquely in Japan. In light of this, when observing the birth of the new type of term land lease right. I believe taht its fundamental or primary principle may be detected among the course of legislative and social changes of land lease rights after the Meiji Period. The main legislation and amendment that resulted in the major amendments this time are as follows: The Building Protection Act (1909) was legislated in terms of the exclusion articles to Civil Law Articles 177 and 605 in order to cope with transactions attributable to earthquakes; the Land Lease Act (1921) and the Building Lease Act (1921) were legislated to cope with the serious situation of urban housing experienced after World War I, addressing affairs that were not covered by Civil Law (namely, rights for demanding an i ncrease or decrease in land rentals, etc.) and also defined forcible measures (namely, a legal basis for term of duration, right of purchase demand of building, decay and loss of building, etc.). By amendments in 1941 to the Land and Building Lease Act, "reasons for the common good" was introduced with a view to secure housing by establishing a social framework in the backing of all-out war support for World War II. This amendment is viewed as a change made within the scope of the Japanese land and building lease rights based on single contract of Roman law(See Note 1). However, the three types of Term Land Lease Rights (Articles 22, 23, and 24) that have been newly introduced to the Land and Building Lease Act this time bear a strong similarity to the land lease rights of western nations which are based, in the main, on Continental Law. Therefore, the point in question is whether there is a type of law similar to the Term Land Lease Right stemming from Continental Law that has been newly introduced to the Japanese Land and Building Lease Act.

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