1) The road system of the north part of the Rokko Range had Arima as its center, which had a special function as hot-spring village since remote ages. Historically, the main road linking Osaka and other central cities to Arima ran along the Rokko Overthrust Line which runs on the back side (north side) of Mt. Rokko (932m. high) from NE to SW. Against this historical road, the newer road not by way of Arima was opened in accordance with increasing transportaiton of commercial goods-especially rice in Sanda, Tanba and Tajima-to Osaka which was the commercial center of the Tokugawa Period. This newer road the place of present road in this region. While older road has had its function of being the road to Arima, which has attracted many hot-spring goers.
2) As to the relay stations of this road system, Namaze Village shows us many movement, especially in the Tokugawa Period. The movement, what we call village “Dynamism” in this study, has two directions. One of these direction is that “positive” Dynamism join together isolated community, which increase together with the progress of history. This “Dynamism” can be estimated by the character of Namaze's marriage area during about 100 years (1743-1874) in this study. This marriage area stretched to the direction of Osaka and neighboring villages located on the Muko Plain. Futhermore, the same character can be estimated from the family register in 1872 (Meiji 5, Japan makes modern state on the Meiji era) with 7 neighboring villages. On the other hand, “negative” Dynamism has the character which tied up village members in a community territory. For example, boundary disputes (in 1632, 1657, 1671 and 1795) of village common woodland made village members in their territory stand in a body against their neighboring villages. But this “negative” Dynamism failed together with historical progress, then this failure has made community control loose. Thus, the area of village community has expanded about the out-side of the former community area by “positive” Dynamism which increased with the progress of history. This study shows only a few examples and is one of the basic studies for the village movement.

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