Many otologists were interested in the cholesterol level in the cholesteatoma matrixs and discussed the origin of this cholesterol. At present, the origin of the cholesterol is uncertain. In this study, we cultured the skin of the external auditory canal and ear drum, in-vitro and measured the synthesis of cholesterol in these cultures by using radioactive material. The results showed that cholesterol, especially esterified cholesterol is actively synthesized in these skins. This study appears to indicate that the cholesterol of the cholesteatoma matrix is actively produced in the cholesteatoma matrix.

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Jikei university School of medicine, Kashiwa hospital.
At the present time, operations on children for sinusitis are not common. However, we have performed this operation since a couple of years ago and have spoken about the method and its results several times at recent meetings.
In this study, we evaluated the result of pediatric sinus surgery by using several markers for example rheological properties, nasal resistance, nasal clearance. These results show that pediatric sinusitis surgery is significantly effective at 6 months after operation. But, just the results of rhelogical properties of them did not improve at that time. These results show that pediatric sinusitis is not completely cured 6 months after the operation. We think that all of the patients of pediatric sinusitis will be perfectly cured about 2 years after this operation.

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It has been problematic to develop simple and practical automatic mesh generation techniques that can minimize the amount of required input data and can generate a lot of nodes. In particular for the application of automatic mesh generation to stress concentration area simple computer algorithms for managing input and output data are necessitated. In order to satisfy these requirements the Fuzzy reasoning is chosen here as an automatic mesh generation scheme which is applicable to the triangular element. The application target of this method is to accurately evaluate the stress concentration factor of the plate with hole. The element refinement algorithm are used here to optimize meshes based on the element shape and to smooth strees obtained from the Fuzzy reasoning.

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We established epithelial cell lines derived from the epithelium of pars flaccida (PF), pars tensa (PT) and external auditory canal (EX) of two months old normal Japanese white rabbits. The purpose of this report is to descrive the procedure for establishing these cell lines and to give preliminary information on the growth characteristics of these cell lines. These epithelial cell lines are grown with growth medium and if they stop the proliferation by contact inhibition, they have a number of fatty droplets in the cytoplasm. We call them a “resting state” as a matter of convenience. These fatty droplets are disappeared by inoculation, and always reappeared after reaching cell confluence. The formation of those fatty droplets are enhanced by the addition of insulin (400 mU/ml) into the growth medium. Those results well assumed that the fatty droplets in the cultured cells did not demonstrate fatty degeneration, by the way those cells can adipogenesis and/or metabolize the fat. Furthermore, this fatty droplet in the epithelial cells is closely connected with the cause of the middle ear cholesteatoma.

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We established epithelial cell lines derived from epithelium of Pars flaccida, Pars tensa, and external auditory canal of rabbits of 2 months. The cell lines have following characters; 1. They are grown in growth medium. 2. If they are inhibited of proliferation by contact inhibition, a number of fatty droplets, appear in the cytoplasm. 3. Those fatty droplets disappear when inoculated, while they are enhanced by an addition of insulin (10u/ml) into the growth medium.
We elucidated the types of lipid droplets by using Iatroscan TH-10. And concerning the mechanism of production of lipid droplets, we collected the low density lipoprotein (LDL) from the plasma of rabbits and cultured these cells in the medium containing LDL.
Results; 1. The lipid droplet in the cell was cholesterol-ester. 2. The lipid droplet of cytoplasm disappeared when the cells were cultured in the medium containing LDL. We considered that the epithelial cell lines established continues to have the system synthesizing cholesterol.

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有限要素法解析において、要素分割の結果は、有限要素の解の信頼性や解の収束性に大きな役割を持っている。そのために従来から、幾何学的に特色のある性質をもつVoronoi分割法が提案されている。本研究では, 従来の応力集中部への要素分割に解析者の経験的な判断によって信頼性の優劣が生じることに着目し, 自動メッシュ生成法にその判断プロセスの最適化手法を組み合わせることにより, 応力集中部分に対して有効な要素分割法を提案する.

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The Weathering Steel with its properties of rust is resistant to atmospheric corrosion.Because of a rust layer produced on the steel is compact and stable. The steel using without coating is very economical and superior from the viewpoint of saving materials and energy.However, the rust on Weathering Steel is influenced by the environment. Therefore it is necessary to inspect and examine the steel after construction. There is a evaluation of outward rust as the method. And the method is evaluating the rust from Level 1 to Level 5. But there are some points at issue of the method. It is that evaluation is changed by subjectivity of a person evaluating the steel.In the present study, it proposed the method of distinguishing the rust appearance evaluation that used the picture processing as a technique for solving the problem.

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It has been problematic to develop simple and practical automatic mesh generation techniques that can minimize the amount of required input data and can generate a lot of nodes. The necessary data include the specification of external boundary of the given domain and an internal node density distribution. In particular, for the application of automatic mesh generation to stress concentration area, simple computer algorithms for managing input and output data are necessitated. In many cases, the difficulty of the finite element analysis lies in the mesh generation which is free from errors in the mesh formation. Customary meshing algorithms do not automatically generate optimal triangular meshes of the structure. The stress gradient of mesh refinement is based on the condition that the sum of element area by the stress at each elemet is constant. In order to satisfy these requirements, the Fuzzy reasoning is chosen here as an automatic mesh generation scheme which is applicable to the triangular element.

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From January 1990 to June 1995, nasal and/or sinus surgery was performed on 21 children with chronic sinusitis. There were 9 males and 12 females aged 5 to 15 years, with an average age of 11.3 years. Ten children received a polypotomy alone, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed on 13 patients. Three patients underwent a Caldwell-Luc operation. The follow-up information was gathered by questionnaires mailed to all 21 patients and all of the patients replied. The mean follow up period was 32 months. Before the surgery, nasal obstruction was the most predominant symptom and rhinorrhea was the second. Of the 21 patients, 18 patients (85.7%) had complete resolution of their symptoms, and when questioned as to whether their surgical therapy had been successful, 16 patients (76.2%) recorded positively.
In 9 of the patients, we performed rhinoscopic and X-ray examinations 28 months after the operation. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed on 5 patients (8 diseased sides), and a polypotomy was performed on 4 patients (6 diseased sides). In this study, we found that endoscopic sinus surgery was more effective than the polypotomy. We conclude that endoscopic sinus surgery is effective in the treatment of chronic sinusitis in children.

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The rate of proliferation and differentiation of keratinocyte basal cells appears to be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma. The effect of hyaluronic acid on proliferation and differentiation of keratinocyte basal cells in vitro was studied. Hyaiuronic acid is a proteoglycan contained in both granulation tissue and developing organis. Hyaluronic acid affects the proliferation and differentiation of some tissue.
Our results showed that hyaluronic acid alone did not stimulate the rate of proliferation of basal cells. However hyaluronic acid with serum stimulated the amount of total protein synthesis and increased keratinization in keratinocytes. These results suggest that hyaluronic acid and certain components of serum have a cooperative effect in stimulating the differentiation of keratinocyte basal cells in middle ear cholesteatoma.

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Japan has had a long history of earthquakes and seismic activities. It is an area of high seismicity because of its location near three major tectonic plate boundaries, and is situated on the Pacific Ring of Fire. 20% of the most dangerous earthquakes of the World occurred there. The 11 March 2011 at 5:46 pm a big earthquake occurred with an 8.9 magnitude. It was the biggest earthquake recorded since 1923. In April 2016, a big Earthquake occurred also. My project is to study all the point of impact of the earthquake and its aftershocks. Earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred on April 14．Furthermore earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred in the two days after. It was a very rare case that the main shock occurs after the foreshock. In this study, We have studied about the direction of earthquake motions．

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An extension lecture meeting on the Great East Japan Earthquake was held on July 2011. The lecture meeting was geared toward junior high school students to raise their awareness of disaster prevention. This report provided a summary of the lecture on the disasters caused by the great earthquake.

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難治性の小児副鼻腔炎40症例を対象に, 手術にて採取した鼻副鼻腔各部位における病理組織の炎症像を比較し, 部位別に病変の出現程度について観察した。粘膜上皮層における過形成, 粘膜固有層におけるリンパ球・形質細胞の浸潤及び線維化といった病理組織学的所見から, 上顎洞膜様部及び後壁にその出現程度の増強が認められ, 炎症像は上顎洞自然口付近に顕著であることが示された。また, 粘膜固有層におけるリンパ球・形質細胞の浸潤程度と線維化の程度が共に高度な病変を慢性炎症性病変と判定した。この場合, 部位別による頻度を年少児群と年長児群で比較すると, 年長児群では後部篩骨洞を中心に頻度は低くなっていた。x2検定にて両群間の比較を行うと, 年長児群における後部篩骨洞を主とする頻度の低下に起因すると推測される有意差を両群間に認めた。すなわち, 小児副鼻腔炎における炎症動態は, 加齢と共にはじめはびまん性の炎症像であったものが後部篩骨洞の病変の改善による局在性の炎症像へと移行してゆくことが推測された。さらに, 線維化の程度は, 年長児群よりもむしろ年少児群に高い傾向が認められた。このことは, 年少児における小児副鼻腔炎の難治性の一因を病理組織学的に示唆するものと思われた。

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For cooling electronic equipments and computers, a simple axial flow fan, which consists of a single impeller, is widely used. With an increase in the performance of electronic equipments and computers, the capacities of these fans are also increasing. The discharge must be maintained for the increasing demands of pressure differences, without increasing the fan diameter or numbers of revolutions.
In this research, a single axial flow fan without a stationary blade is designed with a flow pattern of mixed free vortex and solid vortex of the ratio of 1:3. To prevent secondary flow in the blade passage and to get the high pressure difference, blade lean was applied. Two types of blade lean, i.e., dihedral and sweep, were applied. Changing the combinations of dihedral and sweep and their angles, 15 impellers were designed and used for this research. Performance tests and CFD calculations of flow through blade were also made.
Among the impellers with constant blade chord and with dihedral or sweep, the best performance was acquired for the impeller with no dihedral or sweep, i.e., the center of gravities at every section arranged in the radial direction. The arrangement of the center of gravity of every section in the radial direction has been taken as the usual design method. It was made clear that this method is also better one suitable for getting larger pressure difference and high efficiency. The large pressure difference was acquired for the impeller with dihedral of negative angles and sweep with positive angle. But their performances could not exceed that of no dihedral or sweep. But for impellers with mixed negative dihedral and positive sweep, the larger pressure differences and larger efficiency were found to be acquired. The reason why the performance improvement could be acquired were explained by the results of CFD calculation. For the impellers with constant solidities along the radius the similar conclusions were acquired.

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" The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake" occurred on March 11th in 2011 classified 9.0 in moment magnitude. Due to the earthquake, extensive crustal deformations were observed both the ground and bottom of Pacific Ocean surrounding the focal region. This research divides this earthquake motion for each periodic band by the acceleration response spectrum analysis to make sure what damage caused by earthquake motion. Most of all observation points predominant period show lower than 1sec. And then, we plot the outline of the focal area and draw radial lines to study the acceleration response spectrum transition influenced by the natures of the soil.􃻌 The weak ground areas, like banking or sandy soil areas, increase the acceleration response spectrum period more than 0.5 sec. Conversely, the strong ground area, likely be made of rock, decrease acceleration response spectrum. On the other hand, we compared the analyzed data with the designed ground motion mentioned in Public Interest Incorporated Association Japan Road Association, Specifications for highway bridges part V. between less than 0.5 sec. period, acceleration response spectrum over the designed ground motion near the focal area observation points.

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