This paper deals with Architect Kichijirou NISHIHARA and reveals his biographies and his architectural works. He was born in 1868 and graduated the Technical College in Tokyo. His career is divided four stages as follows.(1) He gained architectural experiences by practice at the site of the Prince Fusiminomiya house etc as an assistant and a draftsman. (2)(3) He became a staff of the building section of the prefectural office such as Fukuoka and Aichi. His role was quite big as an In-house architect. (4) After resignation from the Aichi prefectural office he set up the first architectural design office in Nagoya in 1917. He designed many buildings for local people.

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1. The writer has made an ecological investigation of the moss which grows on limestone in the limestone districts of Nishitappu, Higashiyama-mura, Sorachi-gun, Hokkaido. 2. On the limestone in this district the writer was able to identify 34 different species of moss (and also 6 different species of Hep.). This moss can be subdivided into 5 types as follows : (1). Moss which grows only on limestone. (2). That which grows chiefly on limestone but also on any kind of rocks or soil. (3). That which will grow anywhere. (4). That which grows only on very moist, or wet soil. 3. There the succession of moss community on limestone can be roughly assumed to be as follows : 4. In districts like this one, where deep limestone weathering has produced, a comparatively deep layer [table] of soil, and where very little limestone is exposed the wood layer shows the climatic climax. The species of moss such as Eurhynchiun eustegum, Thumnium alopecurum and Cluopodium subpiliferum win out in a struggle for existence with other types of moss.

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Even after the World War II, the electric power company did not take electricity supply in so- called remote areas, and the electric power business was widely done by agricultural cooperatives etc. in remote islands and mountainous areas of Japan. This study reveals, however, the electric power projects were also done by consumers’ co-ops in various places. In postwar Japan, there were at least more than 10 consumers’ electric co-ops and actually supplied electricity to local members. In this paper, we examine several cases closely, and clarify the significance of consumers’ electric co-ops in the Japanese cooperative history.

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本研究の目的は、用語「風致協会」の生成とその伝播の構図を確認することである。1920年代後半、「保存」と「利用（開発）」を両立させた新しい保勝理念が造園家たちを中心に提唱されるようになった。そして、1930年代を迎えるまでに、この保勝理念に基づいて、風致地区に保勝会を設立する構想が成立した。1932年には東京府において、この構想に基づく新しい保勝会が設立されたが、その際に生み出されたのが、新しい用語「風致協会」であった。この「風致協会」は、風致地区制度と強く結びついているという他の保勝会にはない特徴を有していた。そして、1930年代半ば以降、「風致協会」という用語は全国に広まり、東京府以外の府県においても、幾つか「風致協会」という名称を持つ組織が設立されていったのである。

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Flowering Cherries have been appreciated in Japan from the very ancient times, and their records might;be traced back as early as to 402 A.D. Since the Capital was fixed in “Kyoto” in later years, the interest of the Japanese in the flowering cherries has deepened and grown stronger. They have been adopted as the favorite theme of the “Waka”, the only poetic form purely Japanese in those days, and at last the term “Hana” or flowers has come to imply the “cherry flowers”.
The horticultural varieties of the flowering cherries, especially the so-called “Sato-zakura” (Horticultural Varieties), with its great many varieties, were mestly produced chiefly in “Yedo”, now Tokyo, in the glory of the Yedo culture, together with other horticultural flowering plants. It was in this age, too, that there were produced many masterpieces of literature which compared the thick and simultaneous fall of cherry flowers to the pure spirit of feudal knights who were ready to lay down their lives for the cause of loyalty on the battlefield.
Since the introduction of the modern Western botanical science together with other branches of the Western culture, into this country after the Restoration of “Meiji”, several species of wild Japanese flowering cherries have been recorded and announced as new species according to its standards.
The flowering cherries have been originally produced and developed in the islands of Japan. Fond of the warm and damp climate, they have most prospered in the main island(“Honshu”). As they are suited to the soil where drainage is good and subterranean water lies deep, their superior species are produced near Tokyo, which consists of volcanic ash soil. The above-mentioned character is especially marked in the horticultural varieties and the species valuable in appreciation. The flowering cherries have what are called the Winter Flowering. Varieties, which bear their flowers on their branches for Over two months in autumn and winter, besides blooming in spring like the common varieties. Morphologically, they may be roughly classed into two types, but neither of them bears flowers worthy of much admiration. There is a tendency of using them as material for improving the prospect, for the winter season is very scarce in flowers, and they have been attracting much attention of the experts of late.
The “Shiro Yama-zakura” is a flowering tree most renowned in Japan since the old days. The young leaves of each of these trees have the colours of either green, yellow, brown, or russet. Its flowers and leaves unfold themselves at the same time, brilliantly reflecting the spring sun, and presenting a specially beautiful sight.

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