Self-talk techniques are based on cognitive behavioral theories and are an important form of psychological intervention aimed at improving sports performance. Takayama and Takahashi (2017) reviewed self-talk techniques based on cognitive behavioral theories from the perspective of the second and third waves in cognitive behavioral therapy. However, a comprehensive understanding has yet to be achieved. Furthermore, there are insufficient theoretical explanations for these techniques in conventional research. Understanding the mechanisms underlying such techniques is important for determining their accountability in athletes, the reproducibility of effective techniques, and methods to overcome ineffective ones. In this context, we developed hypotheses to account for the mechanisms of self-talk techniques through a review of various cognitive behavioral theories in relation to improvement of sports performance. We also discuss recent research developments from the perspective of cognitive behavior.
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