1881年の神田橋本町改良事業について千代田区史は, 「この事業が明治十四年という時代に行なわれたことは特筆に価しよう。」と肯定的評価を下しているが, その内実は本研究で明らかにして来たごとく, 極めて問題の多いものであった。事業としてはクリアランスの面だけが先行し, 従前居住・営業人に対する対策はほとんど無く, 結局, 同地区居住者の90%以上を「何レノ処ニ向ッテ去ルベキカヲ予定」することなく逐い出してしまったのであり, 更に貧窮民を行く先々で, 府・区・有力者が一体となって排斥することまでしたのである。森鴎外が「市区改正ハ果シ衛生上ノ問題ニ非サルカ」で批判を加えたのは, 単に当面の批判の対象にあげられた松山棟庵などの二三の医家の論説だけではなく, その背後にある行政当局, 府会議員などに代表される資産階級の思想であり, 更にその様な思想にもとづいて行なわれた橋本町改良事業の経過のような現実ではなかったであろうか。では, クリアランスの後の改正計画は目的を達したといえるだろうか。たしかに買収後の改良事業は, 一定の計画意図にもとづく改正計画として行なわれた。しかし, 居付地主への切坪残し地, 焼残り土蔵, 貸付がおくれる間に進んだ仮家作居住などに左右されて「計画」は実施の過程で大きくゆがめられた。又, 借り受希望者が当初予想されたほどなかった為もあって, 貸付条件が緩和され, 規模の小さい敷地, 質の低い建築など再過密化のきざしも現れている。この点でも「面目を一新し」という評価は割引いて考える必要があろう。また, この事業の過程で, 橋本町・柳町両共有地について, それぞれ一括拝借し堅牢家屋を建設して貸家経営をおこないたいとの出願があった。特に柳町出願者は三菱の岩崎弥太郎という, 後に丸の内・神田三崎町などで本格的に都市開発・不動産経営に乗り出した財閥である。この事業がもし行なわれておれば, クリアランスは公共の手により, 再建設は民間業者の手でという再開発方式であり, 銀座煉瓦街の官営再開発ともいうべき事業が思わしい結果を生まず1877年に計画を縮小して打切りになった後だけに注目されるところである。本研究では, 1881年末迄の神田橋本町改良事業の展開を検討したが, 従来, 東京市区改正の起源の中でも殆んどとりあげられて来なかった此の事業の興味のある性格および事業の展開を明らかにすることが出来たと思う。神田橋本町共有地は, はじめ区部共有地として後に東京市有地として貸付地経営され, 1941年にその大部分が当時の借地人に払下処分されるまで続いた。この60年間の貸付地経営時代の橋本町およびその周辺についても興味ある点が少くない。例えば, (1)橋本町共有地が全て貸付されるまでの過程。(2)居付地主の所有地の所有権移転が激しく, 1912年時点で, 既に1881年当時の地主およびその相続者と思われるものの所有地は3筆にすぎないが, その経過。(3)橋本町の再過密化。関東大震災直前の1921年には, 1丁目960.3人/ha, 2丁目808.0人/ha, 3丁目1068.5人/haという人口密度であった。(4)1923年関東大震災復興区画整理事業における橋本町の計画。(5)1941年当時の共有地処分をめぐる問題。これ等の問題についても若干の資料収集をおこなっているので今後検討を進めたいと考えている。

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Kanda Hashimoto-cho which had been one of four noted slums in Tokyo, was cleared in 1881. In this study the author intended to make clear the detail and background of this slum clearance. Contents of part-1 are as follows : 1) Overcrowded condition of Hashimoto-cho. 2) The big fire on the 26th of January 1881, which redused the slum ashes. 3) A bill to purchase the whole area of slum was discussed and adopted in the extraordinary session of Tokyo 15 Wards assembly. 4) Actual process of purchase. 5) Background of the clearance. In examining the background of this slum clearance, the author mentions a paper written in 1889 by Ogai (Rintaro) Mori (famous novelist and doctor) which criticized such opinions that to segregate the poor from the Central District of Tokyo would be the essencial mehtod to prevent big fire and to improve hygienic condition. Conclusion of part-1 is that the clearance of Hashimoto-cho was the plain example of improvement project used as a expedient of segregation.

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1965年夏, 産卵期のクサフグに性腺刺戟ホルモン剤 (シナホリン) を注射して, 人工的に排卵を促進し, 卵を強力な通気下に高い収容密度でふ化させ次の結果を得た。
1. 産卵期の放卵前のクサフグに, シナホリンを1尾当り10家兎単位1回, または2回注射することによって, 注射後24時間または48時間で, 供試雌魚4尾中2尾, 雄魚3尾中3尾ともに採卵または採精できた。
2. この方法によって採卵した卵の人工授精による受精率は71.0-96.9%でふ化率は91.3-98.6%, ふ化仔魚に奇形魚はほとんど現われず, 卵発生, ふ化仔魚ともに正常であった。
3. 丸形のフラスコを用い, 卵を飼育水1l当り5,000-10,000粒収容し, 常に大多数の卵が浮游状態にあり, 器底に沈下している卵も流動状態を保つ程度にきわめて強い送気を行い, 1日に1-2回換水して卵発生を行ったが, 91.3-98.6%のふ化率で正常なふ化仔魚が得られた。 この方法によれば, 容易に大量の卵発生ができる。 またこの方法はクサフグ以外のフグ類の卵発生にも適用できる。

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1964年3月, 4月にヒガンフグおよびトラフグ受精卵を殆んど海水を使用せず湿潤な状態に保つだけで輸送する方法を試み次の結果を得た。
1.両種の卵について9種類の荷造方法による輸送実験を行なったが, 次の方法が最も良好と思われた。すなわち, これらの卵を直接ポリエチレンの袋に入れて, 袋の底に卵の層が厚くならない様に拡げ, 微量の海水を加え空気を封入して密封するか, または海水をしみ込ませた脱脂綿の上に卵を拡げ, 板, 木枠などに脱脂綿を固定し, これをポリエチレンの袋に密封し梱枹して輸送すると, 24～48時間で到着できる地点間では安全に輸送できる。また脱脂綿上に卵を拡げる方法では, さらに長時間の輸送ができるものと考えられる。夏期および冬期や, 輸送途中温度の急変が予想される場合には断熱容器を使用する必要がある。
2.フグ卵は第1分割期前後から眼胞形成期に到る間に輸送を行っても, その後の卵発生, ふ化仔魚に異状は認められない。
3.この方法はフグ類の卵の類似性から推して, 他のフグ卵の輸送にも適用できるものと考えられる。
4.この荷造方法によれば, 従来の方法に比して輸送重量が著しく軽減できるので, 大量の卵の長距離輸送が容易にできる。

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There are the four cases of petition in connection with the substitute lot in a historical document called “the petition documents of merchant” during the Kyoho period - Tenpo term. This paper consists of three analysis by considering four cases of merchant petition : 1. The petition of the merchant who has moved to a substitute lot and the process, 2. The process to which Kaechi(a substitute lot) is given by petition, 3. The subject who makes decision about Kaechi. In analysis of this paper, when moving to substitute lot, the process and the subject which had jurisdiction and moved became clear. The analysis shows the actual condition of the merchant who has moved to a substitute lot in edotown.

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Cynoglossus abbreviatus spawns from mid-March to mid-April in the Sea of Shimabara in Kyushu. During the spawning season ovarian maturation was successfully induced by injection of the pituitary homogenate of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The dose of the aceton-dried pituitary homogenate was 6.5 mg/kg body weight of C. abbreviatus. It took about 2 days for ovulation after injection at a water temperature of 14 to 16°C. Artificial fertilizations were accomplished on March 29, 1974 and again on April 7, 1984, using the females matured by hormone injection in the latter case only. The larvae were reared on the rotifers, Artemia nauplii, Tigriopus japonicus and copepods collected from the sea over a period of 113 days in 1974 and 58 days in 1984. The eggs were pelagic, spherical, 1.19-1.23 mm in diameter and had 30-50 oilglobules of 0.068-0.095 mm in diameter, and the perivitelline space was narrow. The incubation period was 90-98 hours at a water temperature of 14 to 16°C. The newly hatched larvae were 3.18-3.45 mm TL and had 61-64 myomeres. The larvae had many melanophores and xanthophores on the body, forming three bands on the caudal region, but were lacking chromatophores on the finfolds. The yolk was completely absorbed when the larvae attained a size of 4.7-5.6 mm TL 8 days after hatching. A single elongated dosal fin ray developed on the head in the 8-day old larvae. The ray was reduced in size as long as the other rays 1 or 2 days after metamorphosis. The rudiment of pectoral fins were found on the both sides of the body in the 2-day old larvae, but two of them disappeared after metamorphosis. A pelvic fin first appeared as a ventral bud just anterior to the gut in the larva of 8.39 mm TL. The full count of 4 rays was observed on the larva of 10.83 mm TL. Metamorphosis began 22 days after hatching when the larvae were 11.20 mm TL. The right eye began to shift the left side of the head at night and reached to the final place after 8.5 hours. It took about 36 hours to complete the metamorphosis, including the eye movement and fusion of the hole in the rostral beak. At the last stage of metamorphosis, the dosal, caudal, anal and ventral fins became confluent. The larvae reached the juvenile stage at a size of 13.5-14.0 mm TL, approximately 28 days after hatchling. The growth of larvae reared in 1974 is expressed by the following equations:
Y₁=3.448·1.0507^x (8≤X≤28)
Y₂=6.3322·1.0275^x (28≤X≤75)
where Y is the total length (mm) and X is the number of days after hatching. Growth rate changed after metamorphosis.

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明治22年の東京市区改正委員会において計画された公園配置計画を対象として, その計画思想を衛生行政の動向と関連させながら分析した。公園配置計画の特色として神田区付近への集中的配置が認められ, これを当時の内務省と東京府などによる神田下水等の衛生環境整備との関連から考察した。委員会での公園計画における衛生論の立場は, 計画全体についてみれば市区改正審査会時に比べて影響力を減じたと思われるが, それは当時の衛生行政が, 明治19年のコレラ大流行を経て, 上下水道の整備や建築規制の実現化という, より基盤的な衛生環境整備に重点を置くようになり, その結果公園の意義に関する認識が審査会時に比べて相対的に低下していたものと考察した。

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In this paper, I will discuss the processes involved in the making of a large center of cheap sweets in the Kanda area of Tokyo. At first, the makers sold their sweets in their factories, but by the middle of the Meiji era, they had succeeded in building a market in the Kanto area. In the middle of the Meiji period, a few wholesalers were born, and the makers had no choice but to work through them. At the end of the Meiji era, some of the wholesalers changed their business so as to deal mainly with goods made by the new and large sweets enterprises, and became separated from the other 'inner city' wholesalers. Though the very poor makers still belonged to them, they also had their own associations and their own sales routes, and the tiny, cheap sweet shops which were scattered across the whole Kanto area were connected directly to them via the sweet 'carriers'. Just after the 1st World War, the sweets market collapsed and the makers transferred from Kanda to other areas.

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Edo recurrently suffered with numerous big fires. However, there were few documents, recording the numbers of deaths and sizes of burned areas caused by those fires. We examined the document of fires occurred within Edo area on "Edo Saigai Nenpyo". And we invented the method to estimate the size of fire from the document. We chose 19 cases that the numbers of deaths have been shown in the document and we investigated the relations between the numbers of deaths and the sizes of fires. It became clear that the frequency of big fires during the last half of the Edo Period was different with that of the first half.

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Introduction:The purpose of this study was to deepen our understanding of how the judo therapy education system was developed during the Meiji and Taisho periods and to provide fundamental knowledge to elucidate the history of the formation of the judo therapy education system.

Results:This study clarified the following three points.

First, during the Meiji period, the spread of this practical method and bone setting was part of this effort. The spread of sekkotsu-jutsu was intended as a continuation of traditional jujutsu.

Second, during the Meiji and Taisho periods, the traditional sekkotsu-jutsu (techniques) diverged from jujutsu and became judo therapy (1920),which was used by judo instructors.

And this decision was supported by the Dainihon Shidokai, a group of Tokyo-based judo dojo masters.

Third, during the Taisho period, they insisted on the effectiveness of bloodless therapy in traditional medicine in comparison with orthopedic surgery, and spread traditional therapies such as fixation methods used for fractures and dislocations, and medicinal methods for pastes by holding workshops for his members.

Discussion: After legalization, judo therapy became aware of its uniqueness and developed as a profession.. As in the face of competing medical fields, judo therapy became aware of its uniqueness and developed a professional awareness of the treatment of fractures and dislocations.

Therefore, it branched off from judo as it evolved into traditional medicine with a medical basis.

In other words, by laying a boundary with other medical treatments, this became coaptation, and as a result, diverged from jujutsu.

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