A three dimensional model to represent a human body in motion is investigated as a new trial in the design of garments. The body model generated by computer graphics are composed of many elements such as a head, forearms, upper arms, thighs, etc., Dynamic posture of the model is simulated by a method based on the fuzzy inference. The motion of each element is described in terms of the max-min composition of two membership functions which specify the present position and the displacement required for the change from an arbitrary posture to another. This simulation system provides the interactive method to construct the body model which assist in designing garments comfortable not only in motionless posture but also in violent motion.

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Taking into consideration of actual situations of wearing garments, the computer simulation technique, previously developed for the attention pose, was extended for several poses. The measured attention pose was used as the standard and the several fundamental poses, such as twist and bend, were generated deforming the standard pose using numerical calculation. The 3-dimentional form and the pressure distribution of garment for these poses were evaluated applying the above method.

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A computer simulation technique, previously developed by the same authors for predicting the spatial form of garment, was extended to estimation of garment pressure. Consideration on two analytically solvable cases verified the applicability of the technique. Pressure distribution over the flat surface pressed by a pear-looped silicone rubber film was examined through simulation method. The results revealed small discrepancies in the distribution but showed good agreement in the total pressure.

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A novel method was developed to predict by computer graphic simulation how it looks when garments are worn by a human body. This could extensively simplify the process of dressing on graphics by introducing an effective and generally usable procedure by which each part of the garments is put right on the portion of the body to be covered by it. The method, based on two ideas, i.e., classifying garments into a few types and making the process independent of the posture of a human body model, could compensate for the weak point of a computer that, in contrast to human, it cannot judge by itself the kinds, right face, front or back, etc. of the clothing to be worn. The state of dressing in various posture was simulated for each type of garment, and the quality of it was estimated, the results of which showed that this method could successfully represent a garment form that fits well the model body for every type of clothing.

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A computer simulation technique, previously developed by the same authors for predicting the 3-dimensional form of garment, was extended to the estimation of the garment pressure distribution. Using this system, the distribution of pressure on garments was calculated. Using computer graphics, distribution of garment pressure was displayed in the variation of hue. The 3-dimensional distribution of the garment pressure was reversely mapped on the paper pattern in order to indicate the preferable modification.

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The relationship between the dynamic and static flexural rigidities of fabrics was discussed. The dynamic rigidity was measured by a vibrating-reed method, and the static one by a KES pure bending test. The static flexural rigidity was found to be several times as large as the dynamic one. The maximum curvature of the vibration strip of a fabric was calculated from the measured displacement and the value at a fixed point was used for the comparison of the flexural rigidity. The maximun curvature was very small and corresponded to the initial curve region in the KES test. The mean rigidity of a fabric in the cyclic bending process within a small curvature range was estimated with the aid of a model hysteresis curve. The estimated rigidity decreased with increase in the maximum curvature, and was well in qualitative correlation but not in quantitative agreement with the measured dynamic rigidity. The actual mean curvature was smaller than the estimated value, the reason of which was attributed to the fact that the maximun curvature was distributed along the longitudinal direction on the vibrating strip.

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目的 自重によるたわみ変形を利用した衣料材料の各種剛軟度測定法に関してその相互比較, 誤差評価および摘要限界に定量的な基準を与える.成果 片持ちはり, クラーク, ハートループ法など従来用いられている簡易剛性測定法に対して重エラスチカ理論に基づき統一的な解析を行い, 各試験法に対して, 測定により得られる幾何学的パラメーターと試料長と曲げ長さの比で与えられる無次元量との関係を示した.得られた結果を従来用いられている近似式と比較した結果, それらの誤差評価および適用限界に対する定量的基準を与えることができた.また, より誤差の少ない3次近似式を与えた.実験の結果, 各種織物に対していずれの測定法においても予測された曲げ挙動を示し.相互比較が可能であることが分かった

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衣服設計システムには, 骨格に基づいた姿勢変化の記述と弾性論に基づいた人体形状の表現を可能にする人体モデルが必要とされる.本稿では, 筋肉を能動器官, 骨格を受動器官とみなした多関節構造体モデルを提案する.筋肉の収縮量により骨格の姿勢を制御するため, 関節の可動範囲が明確になる.また, cctrccを用いた人体構成部品間の交差判定法についても述べる.密度やヤング率など物理的な性質の異なる物質の集合体が人体を構成している.そこで, 人体を複合材料とみなした弾性体モデルを提案し, 骨格の姿勢変化に伴う体表面形状の変化を表す.

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A technique of simulating the dressing process complying with the plan of garment's design, the mechanical properties of the material, each consumer's body, and multi-postures without a sample-making process is important as one of the elements in advanced-apparel CAD systems as well as a service for consumers. In computer graphics, it is difficult to clarify the interaction of the garment and the human body, if the shape of the human body is constructed in either a wire-frame model or a surface model. We tried to model the shape of the human body with primitives called meta-balls or density balls. One of the characters of meta-balls system is an operation called fusion. In Previous analysis one was not free to select fusion or nonfusion among meta-balls in constructing such model. In this paper, however, a method has been devised by which fusion or nonfusion may be freely selected, it is then possible to construct a human body model simulating the dressing process. Following that, the density distribution inherent in metaballs are utilized for calculating the contact drag of the garment and human body at various arbitrary contact positions. It is therefore possible to develop a basic mechanical algorithm which can simulate the dressing process, the shape of the garment changes along with the shape of the model.

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本論文では, エンドユーザーの嗜好を反映した衣服のデザインを可能にする対話型アパレルデザインシステムを提案し, GUIを用いた対話的なアパレルCADシステムを実現する上で不可欠な着装シミュレーション手法を示す。まず, 仮想環境での着装シミュレーションを可能にするために, システムを(1)人体モデル, (2)衣服モデル, (3)環境モデルから構成する。布のように柔軟な素材で作られている衣服は変形するので, 一つの衣服でも様々な形態となる。そこで, 人体の動きに応じて衣服を変形させるための, 人体の骨格運動に基づく衣服形状生成法を提案する。次に, 運動する人体モデルと変形する衣服モデルの統合して動的な着装シミュレーションを実現する方法について述べる。最終的に, 環境モデルを動的な着装シミュレーションに追加して, 仮想環境における3次元アパレルCADシステムのための着装シミュレーションシステムを構築する。

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(社)人間生活工学研究センター(HQL)により様々な年代の男女の人体形状が非接触の光学式測定器によって計測されている.これら膨大な数の人体データは人間工学的な資料としてだけではなく, 工業分野, 特に製品設計への応用が期待される.HQLの人体データは人体の断面に相当する輪郭線を表す点列である.本稿では, これらのデータから多面体人体モデルを構築する方法について述べる.初期モデルを構築するために点列を表現しているリストを操作するいくつかの前処理と動的計画法を適用している.Simplificationによりポリゴンの90%を削除しても構築した人体モデルの視覚的な品質は十分であることが確認された.

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To clarify the influence of clothing quantity on the oral temperature, skin temperature, clothing climate and clothing pressure of elderly women, some wearing tests were conducted using 13 elderly women and 15 young women as subjects in summer and winter. The measured values of the elderly women were compared with those of the young women. There was a tendency of heavy dressing in the upper garments of the elderly women in summer and in the lower garments in winter. The difference in the skin temperature of the peripheral parts of the foot or hand of the elderly women between summer and winter was larger than that in the young women. The skin temperature of the peripheral parts of the foot and hand of the elderly women was quite low in winter. The positive correlation between the clothing quantity and the skin temperature of the young women in winter was significant statistically, but it was not significant in the elderly women. The clothing pressure during activities was high in the elderly women, so it was considered that restraint by clothing is a serious problem. In the young women, the positive correlation between the clothing weight and the clothing pressure was significant, but it was not significant in the elderly women. The positive correlations between the clothing quantity and the subjective evaluation (thermal, easy to move, and weight restrictions of clothing) were significant in the young women, but they were not significant in the elderly women. It was suggested that there is a serious problem when elderly women choose what to wear based solely on their subjective feeling.

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As we have explained in the previous paper, we have already proposed a theory and a method to solve the mechanical behaviour of the textile fabrics. The aim of this study is to compare the results from the method above with experimental ones.
Before this, it is necessary to clarify the measurement method of the mechanical properties of material fabrics. We first describe the relation between the theoretical elastic modulus and the experimental ones.
In the theory, we assume that the elastic modulus of fabric is an unigue constant, but the results of the measurements are histerisis curves in general. Which part of the curve is proper to use to obtain the elastic modulus, especially in the bending case? Two values are nominated and examined through the simulations.
Next, we introduce the formulation of the wall as the constraint condition. Evidently when a wall contacts to the cloth such as the heart loop, the shape of the loop changes. For this is analogous to the garment on the human body, the formulation of the wall is essential to the estimating problem.
To test the applicability of the estimating method, we selected three kinds of fabric samples and prepare two kinds of walls, horizontal and sloped ones, and recorded the actual shapes of the loops in contact with the walls.
We also assume that there is no friction between the fabric and the wall. The difference between the results of the simulation and the experiment occurs in the case of the sloped wall.

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We propose a modeling method of a human body for dress simulation using computer graphics. The body is modeled by primitives called metaballs which are useful for representing smooth surfaces. The method proposed here has two phases: In the first phase, we generate a human body model by adjusting the input of the metaballs by hand based on measured data obtained by the range data. In the second phase, the standard human model is deformed to other size bodies based on the range data. That is, once a standard human model is generated, various body types can be easily obtained. In the previous work, approximation precision was not enough sufficient. Our method can generate a human body with a small degree of error by using the following procedures: 1) metaballs are roughly set on the cross sections obtained by data sliced from the range data; these cross sections are selected so that they include special features such as nipple and waist point, 2) the metaballs on each slice are optimized by using the Steep Decent Method, 3) After combining these metaballs on slices, total metaballs are optimized using the Steep Decent Method again. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we show two examples of metaball human bodies based on the range data; a standard body model and a fat body model are deformed from it.

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本研究では、着衣と皮膚の間に存在する空気層厚さの分布を、3次元レーザースキャナによる人体および着衣の表面座標測定に基づいて決定する方法を提案した。この方法により、シャツを着用した青年男子の場合について、着衣内空気層厚さの鉛直分布特性を定量的に把握した。着用の仕方、被験者の体格、着用するシャツの種類による差異は存在するものの、空気層厚さがウエストで大きく、胸から肩にかけてほぼ0に近づくという傾向が各ケースに共通して見られることを量的に示した。また、20歳代の男性の平均的体格をもつ立位のマネキンを用いて、スーツ着衣条件の場合の空気層厚さ分布を測定した。この方法を用いることにより、clo値のような全身の包括的な表現ではなく、部位の特性を考慮して、着衣内空気層における熱水分移動をモデル化する方法論を提案した。

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