On 15th August 1945, Japanese government accepted the "Potsdam Declaration", and the Second World War ended. Based on the "Potsdam Declaration" and General Order No.1 by Office of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Republic of China started to get the governance of Taiwan. But from 15th August to 25th October, the day Japanese Governor General Rikichi Ando subscribed the Declaration of the surrender of Taiwan to the Allied Powers, there was a political vacuum period in Taiwan. On 16th August 1945, Koo Chen-fu took part in a meeting with a few Japanese Army Officers in Taiwan to have a plan to keep the social and political order in Formosa. That meeting has been considered as a conspiracy of "Taiwan Independence" or "Taiwan Autonomy Planning", after ROC got the governing power there. In fact, according to the instruction of Japanese Governor General, the attendance of the meeting did nothing about that. Even so, the ROC governing entity in Taiwan arrested the members in February 1946 as they involved in the "Taiwan Independent Plot", and Koo Chen-fu was sentenced to be imprisoned in July 1947. This article makes clear that the background of unfair judgment on Koo Chen-fu and real purpose of the Taiwan Garrison Command to capture those pro-Japanese Intellectual Taiwanese Group.

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　This paper describes the newspaper activities and press policies in wartime

colonial Taiwan by analyzing local newspapers and the archives of the

Taiwanese Government-General and Army, materials that were rarely examined

in previous studies.

　　Three major newspapers, Taiwan Nichi Nichi Shimpo, Taiwan Shimbun

and Tainan Shimpo played a leading role in the Taiwan press system, and

restrictive media control was temporarily eased in the 1930s. However, with

the rise of Japanism, the use of Chinese was abolished in 1937 due to the

change of the Government-General’s policies. Henceforth, in wartime, the integration

of newspapers was promoted, creating a complex relationship between

the Japanese journalists from the mainland, local Japanese and Taiwanese journalists

and the Taiwanese Army. First, weekly newspapers were reorganized,

but unlike on the mainland of Japan, Taiwan’s press community, which did not

have a restricted paper supply, was aiming to expand their newspapers into

South China and the South Seas.

　　However, in 1944 the Government-General decided to cease all publishing

of the six daily newspapers, and the Taiwan Shimpo was launched. However, in

1945 the Taiwanese Army supplanted the Government-General and directed

the media policies. The Taiwanese Army denied the Government-General’s conventional

colonial rule and tolerated democratic speeches, because it was necessary

to improve morale and obtain the cooperation of the Taiwanese people

regarding the war. Thus, critiques of the Government-General and private citizen

leaders were made, the identity of the Taiwanese people was somewhat

recognized and articles written from the perspective of commoners began to be

published.

　　After Japan’s defeat, Taiwan Shimpo was transferred to the Taiwanese,

and the Taiwanese launched new media outlets one after another. Here, Taiwanese

journalists, who were critical throughout the war, proactively criticized

the Republic of China and advocated for Taiwanese society in both Chinese and

Japanese during the early postwar period.

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台湾史研究とはなにか，台湾史は誰がどのように書いてきたのか。この問いは日本による植民地統治と戦後の国民党政権による統治体制を経てきた台湾を対象とする歴史の研究にとって重要な意味を持つ。本稿は，この問題意識から，日本における台湾史研究の歴史と個性にアプローチすることを試みる。前半では，1895年から1945年までの帝国日本による台湾統治時期における，伊能嘉矩，岡松参太郎，矢内原忠雄及び台北帝国大学の研究者らによる研究のうち「里程標」というべき書物を取り上げ，歴史研究と植民政策論及び人類学の関係を検討する。ついで，帝国日本の「遺産」と戦後への「架け橋」という視点から，1945年前後の連続性と変化を検討する。後半では，1945年から現在までの時期を対象として，日本における台湾史研究の「再出発」の契機ともなった台湾人留学生の群像，それに知的刺激を受けた台湾近現代史研究会の活動，90年代の台湾の変化，日本台湾学会の設立から現在までの研究史を素描する。さいごに台湾史研究をめぐる史論と方法論についても触れ，台湾はどこに行くのかという問いへの始点とする。

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