Recent progress of immunologic aspects of liposomes for medical applications are reviewed. Liposomal application for immunoassay, targeting and adjuvant activity for vaccination are discussed. Development of complement dependent liposome immune lysis assay enabled to measure small amount of serum proteins, such as cancer markers, and extended to various microbial toxins. New technology of targeting for malignant tumors have been developed. The use of liposomes as an safe, versatile, universal adjuvant that can induce humoral and cellmediated immunity to antigen have been investigateted increasingly.

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The response of aerodynamic forces on a vehicle model passing in a wake behind a model of a main tower of a big suspension bridge has been investigated in a wind tunnel. A splitter plate placed behind a tower model prevents the vortex street from shedding in the wake and the effect of surviving velocity gradients is examined. We have prepared two kinds of vehicle models: a cylindrical model with a rectangular section and a box model. The results of the present study may be summarized as follows: (1) When a cylindrical model passes through the wake of a tower model with a splitter plate, the aerodynamic forces are influenced by the effects of an apparent angle of attack, the interference between the flows around a tower and a vehicle, and the effects of transient characteristics of flow. In the case of a box model, the aerodynamic forces are governed by the effects of the angle of attack (2) The fluctuation in a side force exerted on a cylindrical or a box model corresponds to the fluctuation in wind due to a wake vortex street behind a tower model, and its amplitude remarkably increases when a vehicle model gets out of the wake. (3) The aerodynamic forces on a box model respond more rapidly to the change in wind velocity than ones on a cylindrical model.

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高速道路走行車両の横風安定性を定量的に評価することを目的に, 車両モデルを用いた数値解析とドライビングシミュレータを用いた走行模擬実験を行った. 運転者の反応と車両の運動の相互作用を考慮できる人間-自動車系操舵モデルを用いると, 走行模擬実験の結果が比較的精度良く再現されることが分かった. これより, 車両に依存するパラメータが適切に設定できれば, 実車走行試験やドライビングシミュレータによる走行実験を多数行わずとも, 従来まであまり定量的に評価されていなかった強風時の車両の走行安定性について, 系統立てた評価が可能になるものと期待される.

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　強い横風に起因する車両の横転事故は今もなお全国各地で発生している．本稿は走行中の大型車が横風により転倒する際，車両へ作用する空気力に着目することで，風特性・車両特性相互の視点から総合的に車両横転のメカニズムを解明することを目的とした．地面による風速欠損の影響を考慮した空気力係数，及び現地の風特性に基づく閾値超過確率を踏まえたガストファクターを算出し，また角運動方程式による横転発生時の風況検討，風洞試験・現地車両走行試験に基づく過渡空気力の考察を行うことで，車両が横転に至る際の現地風況条件（平均風速・風向）をまとめた横転リスク判断図を作成した．風況予測の精度確認手法をも併せて示し，横転判断システムの現場適用性について考察した．

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