The present paper deals especially with the distribution of the powerful families' settlements in the later Middle Ages and the manner of cultivation of their lands; the characteristics of which run as follows:
In general, the mansions of powerful families were constructed for the sake of dwelling and defending, while the castles or fortresses were chiefly built for the purpose of defence. The former were fortified with a lower rampart and a shallow moat. Sometimes the fortification was double strengthened. The chief of these families was a knight under the lord, Takeda, appointed guardianship. There was a vegetable garden in such a mansion, where followers and servante lived with their master. Each knight held a “salland” (demesne) and a “zinland” (tenure). Most of these mansions were constructed in the later Middle Ages, but a few of them were built in the earlier medieval period. Most of these ruins were scattered along the rivers and main roads, but we can't find them in the fans and mountainous lands. And the distribution of these mansions is more extensive than “Jori” allotment which we reported in Part 1.

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