1. Progress and stagnation of the ideas on Green Space Conservation after the war
1) Securing Open Space on the reconstruction plan
The feature of open space acquisition in the disordered period after the war was that the funder, mental policy indicated the more than 10% of city area as open space reservation. It was a great progress compared with the 3% of occupancy of Plot Planning Standard before the war.
Based on the fundermental policy, Open Space Plan of 10 million Tsubo (3, 300ha) was prepared by Mr. Ishikawa and other members in Tokyo. In that plan, total area of open space was approximately 9, 700, 000 Tsubo, comprising 34 places with the total length of 160km.
2) Green Space Zone provided by Special City Planning Act
Total area, 54, 480, 000 Tsubo (18, 010ha) of green space zone was designed outside of above mentioned open space by the Act for the purpose of 1) control of expanding cities, 1) conservation and provision of recreation for the people of cities, 3) maintenance of agricultural zone.
3) Stagnation of Green Space Strategy
Embodiment of Open Space secured by the reconstruction plan and Green Space Zone designated by Special City Planning Act were likely to occure the establishment of Green Space System. In 1949, however, the postwar construction plan was re-examined and reduced in scale to dismiss the acquisition of 10% green space. Green Space Zone has been gradually reduced its scale by the mid 1950's.
2. The movement of Open Space Conservation
In 1949, the construction of a baseball ground by reclaiming the Pond Shinobazu in Ueno Park gave rise to a big debate. People who encouraged the construction plan were mainly the people concerned with athletics such as the committee of International Baseball Ground Construction. Opposite side were City Beautification Association, Open Space Association and City Planning Association. With the effort of these organization, the Pond Shinobazu was restored to maintain its existance.
3. Hama Villa Garden and Arterial Street
In 1953, the route of passing through the edge of Hama Villa Garden was proposed on Arterial Street Plan. Many landscape Architects opposed against the route plan and insisted on its change. Although this problem was solved by chaning the route of the plan the lack of recognition of people concerned showed the serious problem about cultural property.
4. Enactment of City Park Act
In 1956, the first City Park Act of our country was enacted, though its movement has been already undertaken for a half century. The main objectives of enacting the Act were 1) to maintain parks, 2) to define the right of park management. This Act also adopted the area of 6m2 person for the standard of provision of parks. It must be mentioned that Mr. A. Satoh made a great contribution toward the enactment of the Act.
5. Civic movement of“Flower and green campaign”
In 1955, “HANA-IPPAI”civic movement, advocated by Mr. I. Komatsu in Matsumoto City was started and was gradually spread all over the country. From the latter half of 1950's, National Conference was taken place and began its activity. Now the Conference is held once a year.

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Naritasan Shinshōji Temple is the main center of the Shingon mystical Buddhist sect located in Narita City, Chiba Prefecture. Monzen town, which lies at 800 meters from Narita Station to the temple, has a lively crowd of worshipers throughout the year. This paper examines the history of the Shinshōji Temple through changes in folklore, oral tradition, and a special opening ceremony called Kaichō; It further examines the life of Monzen town, concentrating on its historical narrative. In other words, this is a study of Shinshōji Temple’s foundation legend during the Edo period and of modern commemorative events based on the foundation legend. The temple and the town have existed together as a “fate community” since the middle of the Edo period to the present, with many pilgrimage associations called Kō.On the unusual occasion of Kaichō.,many worshipers visit the temple and town. After the 1938 Millennium anniversary of the foundation, the character of Kaichō transformed into a commemorative foundation event. The temple’s foundation legend has been reproduced at commemorative events every 10 years since 1968. This is a new life rhythm that differs from the traditional yearly ritual in Monzen town. And each of the seven sub-towns organize the Gion Matsuri festival once every seven years. The people of Monzen town live in multiple types of time— every year, every seven years, and every ten years. This perception of time produces unique historical narratives.

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縄文土器の製作についての研究は,考古学的手法,理化学的手法,民族学的手法,実験考古学的手法などの長い研究史がある。しかし,主に製作技法や器形,施文技法や胎土からのアプローチがはかられてきたが,土器の母材となる粘土の採掘場所や採掘方法,土器作りの場所やそのムラ,粘土採掘場とムラの関係についての研究は,民族調査の一部を除き,あまり進展されずに今日に至っている。
多摩ニュータウンNo.248遺跡は,縄文時代中期から後期にかけて連綿と粘土採掘が行われ,推定面積で5,500m²に及ぶ全国最大規模の粘土採掘場であることが明らかとなった。隣接する同時期の集落であるNo.245遺跡では,粘土塊,焼成粘土塊,未焼成土器の出土から集落内で土器作りを行っていたことが明らかとなった。しかも,両遺跡間で浅鉢形土器と打製石斧という異なる素材の遺物がそれぞれ接合した。これは,土器作りのムラの人々が粘土採掘場を行き来していることを考古学的に証明したものである。
土器作りの根拠となる遺構・遺物の提示と粘土採掘坑の認定方法の提示から,両遺跡は今後の土器作り研究の一つのモデルケースとなることを示した。さらに,粘土採掘坑から採掘された粘土の量を試算し,これを土器に換算し,住居軒数や採掘期間等様々なケースを想定した。その結果,No.248遺跡の粘土は最低でも,No.248遺跡を中心とした5～10km程の範囲における,中期から後期にかけての1,000年間に及ぶ境川上流域の集落の土器量を十分賄うものであり,最低限この範囲が粘土の消費範囲と考えた。さらにNo.245遺跡は土器作りのムラであるだけでなく,粘土採掘を管理したムラであることを予察し,今後の土器生産や消費モデルの復元へのステップとした。以上は多摩ニュータウン遺跡群研究の一つの成果である。

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