The authors have treated soft tissue injuries at the insertion to bone using bone anchor since 2001. In the present study, 10 patients (6 men, 4 women) underwent surgery (age range, 17-74 years; mean, 45.4 years), and of these, 4 patients had rupture of the lateral ligament of ankle, 3 patients had rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb, 2 patients had fracture of the greater tuberosity of humerus, and 1 patient had rupture of patellar tendon. The follow-up periods were between 4 and 18 months (mean, 12.2 months). All cases except the fractures of the greater tuberosity of humerus resulted in good fixation on stress radiographs. Surgery was repeated in 1 case of fracture of the greater tuberosity of humerus due to displacement of the bone anchor 2 weeks after the initial procedure. In another case, additional cancellous screw fixation was required because the bone anchor had insufficient strength. In general, bone anchors are less invasive, suitable for use in a small field and in intra-articular surgery. They can also shorten the duration of surgery. However, because the bone anchor did not have sufficient strength in 2 patients with fracture of the greater tuberosity of humerus, caution should be exercised before using bone anchors in such cases.

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In order to observe the physical strength in growing, it is a matter never to be neglected that the physique and also the psychological and intellectual influences must be considered. Nevertheless this sort of study has hitherto been very rare, and leaves much to be discussed.
The writer, reflecting this point deeply, investigated the growth and change of the physique under the influence of mental activity, and thus tried to grasp the actual state of the physical development.
As an object to be examined, I selected the pupils of a certain primary school in Tokyo and those- of a middle school in its neighbourhood. I made physical examinations for 7 times and practised Awaji-method inspections for the whole pupils at the beginning of each school term from September, 1950 to that in 1952. I selected 413 boys and 405 girls as thorough examined ones through the whole terms, and applied them Rhorer-Index exponent as a physical characterstic. The result and conclusion for these experiments came as follows:
For the development of physique during the growth period, psychological factors must play a pretty important part. Above all for lower class boys and girls in the primary school, for the second and third year boys in the middle school, and for the girls in the fifth and sixth year of the primary school and in the first year in the middle school, 2 could admit a reletive importance between the psychological operations and the growth of the physical constitution.

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The transmittance and delivery laser energy of KrF and ArF excimer lasers were improved through Hollow Light Guide with aluminum reflector. The hollow light guide uses thin polytetra-fluoroethylene (teflon) slab and polyolefin coat as its material. The size of the guide's hollow part is 8 mm width, 0.5 mm height, with 120 cm maximum length. The transmittance of KrF laser was 68%at 100 cm long. This value was higher than the previous value 50%. The maximum delivery laser energy was raised from 7 mJ to 90 mJ. In the case of ArF laser, transmittance and delivery energy was 50% per meter and 20 mJ, respectively. Their values were also higher than the previous data. The reason why the transmittance and the delivery laser energy were improved are that laser beam changed from non-polarization to linear polarization, the reflectance of aluminum reflector was high so as to devise the polishing technique, and the optimum of the coupling system were made.

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The sternoclavicular joint is rarely involved in tuberculous infection. We have recently encountered a case of tuberculous arthritis of this joint. The clinical diagnosis was verified by histological study of a surgical specimen. Curettage combined with anti-tuberculous medication was successful. The literature on the disease was reviewed.

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This report describes our experience of utilizing the STATAK Soft Tissue Attachment Device to attach the capsular extensions to the glenoid rim during a Bankart procedure. We reviewed 15patients (age,16 to 47 years) who had undergone a Bankart repair with this device and were followed-up for over six months. The operative time and the surgical results were compared to those of 17 Bankart operations with the transosseous suture technique.
The average operative time was 18 minutes shorter in the STATAK group (83 versus 101minutes). The physicians who used the STATAK felt that this device was particularly effective in patients with a rounded glenoid rim. According to Rowe's scoring system (1979), the surgical results of the STATAK group were asessed as excellent in eight cases, good in four, fair in two, and poor in one. Among the three unsatisfactory results, two patients complained of a recurrence of instability during sports. The X-rays revealed improper placement of the STATAK in these cases.
We conclude that the STATAK benefits the surgical technique and the operative time if it is securely inserted into the bone.

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福井県下高志管内の森田町で, 省力化と大型機械化の可能性のある乾田直播栽培について大型機械と中型機械をセットで取り入れた機械化体系を現地で農家と共に話し合って実施した。これはわずか3カ年の不十分な成績であるが, 一応ここにまとめて報告し各位のご批判をいただきたい。

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The Tokyo Municipal Elementary School for Water-faring Families has an unusually great number of children with definitely husky voices. The authors carried out otorhinolaryngological examinations, especially laryngeal examinations, on 125 children of the school of ages from 6 to 12 years and got some findings usually considered as prodromes of the so-called mutation, but many children had stronger changes in color and shape than usual in the larynx, especially in the vocal cords. There were found many that had lost the normal of the vocal cords and been clouded in various ways.
As for the cause of these husky voices, it was experimentally proved in some degree that there is less reverberation and the communication is disturbed by the wind and they are compelled to resort to excessive vocalization on the barges on which they live. It is considered also that the effect of the sea wind cannot be neglected.

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Hydraulic structures such as a dam, weir and water gate affect on the flow depth, velocity, bed shape, water quality and so on, so that the hydraulic structures may affect on the water environment for plants and aquatic lives in an around rivers. Therefore, before construction of such hydraulic structures, it is necessary to conduct the environmental assessment. However, the accuracy of the environmental assessment is not so high at present, because it is not clear that what is the most suitable parameter which affects on the water environment. In this study, the most suitable parameter for spawning of Ayu were selected from the several values such as water temperature, velocity, flow depth, incline, BOD, COD, pH, SS and so on, on the basis of a principal component regression analysis. It was found that the most suitable parameters are temperature, velocity, flow depth and SS.

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The 3-dimensional finite element analysis was carried out for the compact normal and shear specimens made of the acrylic homogeneous material and the aluminum-acrylic dissimilar material subjected to mixed-mode loading. The 3-D local hybrid method based on an inverse problem was applied to evaluate the 3-D stress field using displacement data surrounded the crack tip of the surface of 3-D full model FEM. The error of stress intensity factor between the full model FEM and the local model hybrid method was discussed. The optimal hybrid domain size was discussed by changing the specimen thickness. Moreover, the optimal depth of the error evaluation was discussed to evaluate an equivalent nodal force by using displacement data obtained by the 2-D intelligent hybrid method.

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To evaluate the 3-D stress field inside the specimen from displacement data on the free surface obtained from the 2-D intelligent hybrid method, we developed the 3-D local hybrid method based on the inverse problem analysis. The accuracy of the 3-D local hybrid method varies depending on the depth of the plane of error assessment, hybrid domain size and specimen thickness. Hence the optimal analysis condition was discussed for the acrylic homogeneous material and the acrylic-aluminum dissimilar material. The 3-D local hybrid method can estimate the stress intensity factor with high accuracy, if error assessment is carried out between the displacement matrix at 1.5 mm depth of the 3-D local hybrid model and the modified displacement data obtained by the 2-D intelligent hybrid method from the displacement data measured in the experiment. Accurate analyses can be conducted if hybrid domain size is taken more than two times of the thickness of the specimen with a straight crack of homogeneous and dissimilar materials. The stress intensity factor at the central part of the specimen can be estimated with less than 1.0 % error. The 3-D local hybrid method can evaluate the stress field inside the specimen of homogeneous material with high accuracy. On the other hand, in dissimilar material, accuracy goes down slightly. In an actual structure, a surface crack occurs in many cases. Then, the applicability to the surface crack problem of the 3-D local hybrid method was examined.

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