温泉地の継続的な開発によって今日は韓国の122個所の温泉地が開発・利用されている。最近の温泉地開発は温泉利用客の誘致を通じて、自治体の収入増加と地域の活性化をもたらしている。本研究の目的は今日の韓国温泉地の客観的な温泉資料評価を基礎とし、これに温泉地の温泉施設、自然環境、温泉施設投資などを加味した総合的な温泉地評価を試み、温泉地開発と地域活性化のための問題点を把握し、効率的な温泉地と地域活性化を成すことである。研究を通じて民間主導の温泉地は単なる入湯だけではなく、休養地概念の温泉地として変貌すべきであり、温泉地の開発と運営は特に持続的な官の温泉地環境整備と運営への努力が望まれるのである。

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All hot spring waters of non-volcanic origin are mostly distributed in the plutonic masses of the Cretaceous Bulkuksa granites and the Jurassic Daebo granites in the central and southeastern parts of the Korean peninsula. Temperature and pH of the hot spring waters range from 28.5° to 67℃ and from 6.55 to 9.40, respectively. Dongrae and Haiundae hot springs are located on or near the fault line, but others are not directly related to the fault structures. The ranges of δ¹⁸O and δD values for the hot spring waters are from -6.5 to -10.7‰ and -48.7 to -73.8‰, respectively, and for the local surface waters from -5.5 to -10.1‰ and -39.5 to -70.7‰, respectively. On the basis of stable isotopic and chemical compositions of the hot spring waters and geographical distribution of the hot springs in Korea, the hot spring waters can be divided into following three types; (1) Backam type characterized by low δ¹⁸O and δD values and alkaline waters. (2) Onyang type with weakly alkaline and intermediate isotopic values. Relatively high content of F^- and low Na⁺, Cl^-, and SO₄^2- contents. (3) Haiundae type, having high δ¹⁸O and δD values, weakly alkaline, and high concentration of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^- and SO₄^2-. Most of the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values are plotted slightly below the meteoric and surface water line defined by CRAIG (1961), and show a gradual decrease of the heavy isotope concentration from south to north, and west to east in the penin- sula possibly due to temperature and altitude effects. The hot spring waters are characterized by δ¹⁸O and δD values that are lower than those of the local surface waters at or near the hot springs, suggesting that the hot spring waters are derived from geographically further northern districts and topogra- phically higher mountain regions. The δ³⁴S values of dissolved sulfates range from +5.5 to +29.3‰, apparently reflecting the different sources of the sulfates for different hot springs. Sulfates of the hot spring waters from Haiundae and Pohang may be originated from sea water sulfate and those from Yusung, Duggu and Echon from the secondary sulfate produced by oxidation of sulfide minerals and the mixtures of the above two are thought to be responsible for Suanbo, Duksan, Dongrae, Magumsam and Chucksan hot springs.

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The Republic of Korea achieved high economic growth in the latter of 1970's and entered upon a mass tourism stage in the 1980's. The ratio that the people participated in a sightseeing trips was just 19% in a day trip as well as in a lodging trip in 1976. However, the ratio shows the former for 54%, the latter for 65% in 1984, a remarkable increase was observed. The author aimed to make clear the process of tourism development, the actual condition of tourist, tourist industry, and the changes of life for regional residents in Bugok hot spring resort.
Bugok hot spring resort is located in the southeastern part of Korea and it runs about 50Km from Taegu or Pusan. A developer named Mr. Sin was from Seoul succeeded in gushing out the powerful sulfur hot spring of 72°C in the paddy field between a mountain area in January 1973. After that he constructed a public bath and an inn. Furthermore a Korean who lives in Japan opened a tourist hotel and invited capitalists from every place of Korea, thus tourist inns, restaurants and other shops were opened in that same place. Bugok Hawaii which has a large leisure center, was opened in 1982, has the increasing number of tourist which shows 510, 0000 guests in 1979 to 2, 570, 000 in 1984, becaue a highway between Taegu and Masan was opened in 1977 and direct bus revolved from Seoul. Changnynung County Office made a city plan at once and a land adjustment was completed in 1978. The size of minimum land division was about 600 tsubo, thus a tourist investment was stagnated. After it was changed to about 200 tsubo in 1983, inns and stores increased rapidly. Total investment for the development of Bugok hot spring is 3, 100 million won in public working, 60, 600 million won in private enterprise till 1984, and 23, 800 million won are planned from now on.
The day tripper occupies about 60-70% on account of the opening of Bugok Hawaii. On the other hand, many lodging facilities gathered a lot of tourist. A tourist like merchants, company employees and farmers visit Bugok in winter season generally for recuperation, recreation, dutifulness to parents and meeting etc.. They hire tourist buses and sometimes reguler highway buses.
On the other hand, farmers sell their paddy fields nearby farm village adjacent the tourist development, and sometimes manages inn and could help people make extra money. Aside from this many farmers offer their vacant rooms to employees of tourist industry. Besides this tourist industry, agriculture flourished thus making the people life easy.
A hot spring was dug freely in Bugok and there are the sources of 95 in 1985. 65 of them were developed since 1980. The water level and the volume of hot spring had decreased just recetly. However protection and proper application of hot spring had been labored. For this reason the environment protection of hot spring tourist resort had been enhanced. The problem is to maintain the hot spring, pavement, green park and harmonious landscape in Bugok, and an action must be taken immediately.

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