南西諸島のうち10島の水域でサンプリングを行い、下記のような新しいタクサを発見した。Brachionus angularis pseudokeikoa:、黒島、竹富島、石垣島、与那国島、沖縄本島産.B.a.daitojimensis:竹富島、南大東島産、B.a.bidens f.papillosus:黒島産、B.lyratus yonaguniensis:小浜島、与那国島産、B.cluniorbicularis isigakiensis:黒島、小浜島、石垣島、沖縄本島産、B.durgae isigakiensis:黒島、小浜島、石垣島、沖縄本島産、B.pseudonilsoni:与那国島、沖縄本島産、B.variabilis kohamensis:、小浜島、石垣島、沖縄本島産、B.dimidiatus isigakiensis:石垣島産、B.calyciflorus f.spinus:黒島、竹富島、石垣島産、B.c.f.taketomiens:竹富島産、Keratella valga haterumensis:産、K.v.tropica f.daitojimensis:南大東島産、Monostyla bulla constricta:、黒島、竹富島、南大東島産、M.b.c.f.triangulata:、沖縄本島産、M.b.dentata:、竹富島、沖縄本島産、Testudinella trilobata haterumensis:産、T.t.triangulata:産、T.t.f.amphora:産.

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　　　The purpose of this paper is to consider the modern significance of yuimaru, that is, cooperative work system through labor exchange in Hateruma Island, Okinawa.
　　　In the past, yuimaru was a cooperative work system through labor exchange without payment. However, after the Second World War it was changed to a payment system for settlement of the imbalances in labor exchange, or as a system of casual labor in various parts of Okinawa. This can be said to be yuimaru with payment.
　　　Most farmers organized groups for yuimaru of three to eleven farm households that were called kumi, and they worked together cooperatively during sugarcane harvest in Hateruma Island. They were paid for this cooperative work. At the same time, each member of the kumi worked until all the members’harvests were completed, this work was recognized as mutual aid. Accordingly, this is a typical yuimaru with payment.
　　　Yuimaru in Hateruma Island is significant for the following three reasons: First, cooperative labor has maintained regional agriculture for a long time. Second, yuimaru has contributed to the vitalization of farm household economies and the regional economy through pay for labor exchange. Third, the idea of yuimaru and its system provides a model for other small islands.
　　　However, yuimaru Hateruma Island has faced the following problems: First, the number of persons engaged in farming is decreasing and aging. Second, payment by the hour is comparatively lower for young persons engaged in farming. Third, the tasks of the kumi leaders are a heavy burden for them. The measures devised to deal with these problems are as follows. First, it is necessary to encourage the young people who have returned to the Island for farming and to promote the acceptance of new-comers in farming from outside of the Island. Secondly, the amount of payment per hour should be reconsidered. And thirdly, the tasks of the kumi leaders should be rethought. In addition, as a larger consideration, in addition to sugarcane harvesting, yuimaru should be reorganized for the planning of new directions in regional agriculture under the island conditions.

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Two reptiles, Mauremys mutica kami and Hemiphyllodactylus typus typus, are newly recorded from Haterumajima, the southernmost island of the Yaeyama Group, southern Ryukyus, on the basis of voucher specimens. Of these, M. m. kami was found in large number, and this strongly suggests that this freshwater turtle has already established a breeding population on this island. With respect to H. t. typus, only one individual, juvenile female, was found. However, considering possible parthenogenetic nature of its East Asian assemblages, this gecko may have also established on this island already. Besides these new records, our survey yielded additional specimens of Lepidodactylus lugubris, another parthenogenetic gecko non-native to Haterumajim Island. Characteristics of the dorsal pattern in these specimens indicate that the Haterumajima assemblage belongs to so-called “clone C” like assemblages of this gecko from all other islands of the Ryukyus exclusive of the Daito Group. Records of reptile species from this island are reviewed and problems requiring future investigations are clarified.

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In the past, daily lives and production were supported by a cooperative work system with labor exchange in rural areas. This cooperative work system is called "Yuimāru" in Okinawa regions.
During the high economic growth after the Second World War, such labor exchange customs had mostly disappeared. However, Yuimāru for harvesting sugarcane survived in Hateruma Island, Okinawa. It can be hypothesized that Yuimāru in Hateruma Island maintains its role as cooperative work system in sugarcane production, adapting its functions to social and economic change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the present state of the cooperative work system in Hateruma Island, with special emphasis put on newly emerging functions of Yuimāru.
Following are findings derived from the analysis of the field survey. First, the norm of mutual help is still valid in modern Yuimāru. Second, maintaining a production scale that enables the efficient operation of a sugar factory and securing enough labor force for farmers are two major economic motives of cooperative work. Third, there are new functions of Yuimāru, such as: 1) sustaining the sugarcane production scale of elderly farmers and part-time farmers, 2) labor insurance for members, and 3) efficient acceptance of outside workers.
Yuimāru acts as the foundation of agricultural activities in Hateruma Island. This is a case where the cooperative labor exchange system supports the agriculture-based local economy.

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Six species of reptiles and amphibians were collected on Hateruma Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, in March and in August 1981. They are: Microhyla ornata, Rana limnocharis, Hemidactylus frenatus, Eumeces stimpsoni, Scincella boettgeri, and Rhamphotyphlops braminus. Of these, the record of E. stimpsoni was the first one for this island. The specimens of this species, collected in March, included two yearlings both of which were already sexually mature.

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2023年8月12日に

ではじめてカタグロトビElanus caeruleusを記録した．この個体は主に羽衣の特徴から亜種vociferusであり，若鳥と推定された．日本国内でのカタグロトビとされる個体の記録は，1995年の石垣島での観察事例が初めての記録で，2017年には石垣島で国内初の繁殖も確認された．しかしこれまで学術論文でこれらの記録が報告されたことはなく，明確な同定根拠のもと日本国内のカタグロトビについて記述することが求められていた．本報告は，形態的特徴から本個体が同属の他種ではないことを明示的に示した国内のカタグロトビの初めての学術報告である．カタグロトビはこの半世紀ほどの間に世界で同時多発的に分布を拡大してきた．分布拡大にまつわる生態学のよい研究材料であり，その分布変遷や生態系への影響に関する調査が継続して実施されることが期待される．

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As part of “studies on the livelihood of elders in remote islands” (2006–2017), this study reports on the community stores in Okinawa Islands, emphasizing consumer livelihood (retail stores) in remote islands. In total, 14 community stores were surveyed on three islands—Ishigaki, main Okinawa, and Hateruma—from September 2014 to May 2017. Community stores serve as a point of sales of essential goods in everyday life and as a place for communication among local residents. In Ishigaki and main Okinawa Islands, community stores were closed or scaling down, because of motorization and the impact of large-scale mass merchandizers. However, some remained a hub for local residents. Community stores in Hateruma Island functioned sufficiently as nearby convenience stores, and some had enough sales to pay dividends. The results of the surveys indicate that the presence of nearby convenience stores is crucial in addressing the needs of elders (vulnerable shoppers) living in aging and depopulating areas. Furthermore, a framework of self-help, mutual assistance, and public assistance is needed to aid the survival of these stores.

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Primary and secondary schoolchildren in Hateruna, a small island of Ryukyu, were subjected to throat culture for hemolytic streptococci (HS) in March andJuly, 1971 to study the incidence of HS as a whole, group and type distribution, and the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease and nephritis. The results were compared with those obtained in primary and secondary schoolchildren in Fuchu districts in Tokyo by the same fashioned survey as above performed in June, 1969, 1970 and 1971, respectively.
The incidence of HS as a whole was higher in Hateruna (60.8% and 43.7% in the two surveys, respectively), than in Fuchu (38.2%, 25.0% and 19.9% in the three surveys, respectively). The incidence of Group A streptococci was also higher in Hateruna (40.5% and 25.0%) than in Fuchu (15.2%, 19.2% and 19.9%). In typing of Group A streptococci by means of T-agglutination, it is interesting to see that the predominant type in Hateruna was T-11, while in Fuchu, likewise as the other various parts in Japan, it was T-12. Abnormally high serum anti-streptolysin 0 titer, that is, over 333 Todd Unit, was found in 3.7% in Hateruna, while in Fuchu, 10.0, % 6.8% and 15.7%. No patient with rheumatic heart disease was encountered in Hateruna, whereas, in Fuchu there found in 0.01%. Apparent nephtitis could not be found in Hateruna.
From above results, it is suggestive that the possibility for HS to get pathogenicity to the school children in Hateruna is scarce, though the incidence of HS as a whole and A Group too was found higher there than in Tokyo. The high incidence of T-11 is worth mentioning, but, the role and character of it as pathogenic microorganisms could not be determined yet in this study.

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日本ザーネン種が沖縄県に導入されて以来80年以上経過している.そこで, 沖縄肉用ヤギ11集団の4外部形質から表現型頻度と遺伝子頻度を求め, 沖縄肉用ヤギへの日本ザーネン種由来の遺伝子の移入率および外部形質における淘汰について集団遺伝学的に検討した.調査したヤギは5カ月齢以上の雌雄合計1, 338頭であった.調査は沖縄県下10島の11集団について, 2005年9月から2006年11月までの間におこなった.その結果, 沖縄肉用ヤギの外部形質に関する遺伝子頻度は, 有色qi=0.377, 肉髪なしqw=0.860, 有角qp=0.781であり, 毛髯と副乳頭の出現割合はそれぞれ65%と16%と推定された.これらの4形質について, 島別の沖縄肉用ヤギ集団への日本ザーネン種の移入率を推定すると, 形質間で移入率の違いはあるが, 平均すると伊平屋島は50%, 与那国島は52%と低かったのに比し, 宮古島は91%, 沖縄島北部は89%, 沖縄島中南部は77%と高かった.沖縄全体では平均69%となった.島間にはザーネン種の移入率に差が認められ, 2極化が進んでいることが示唆された.また, 毛色, 肉髯, 角および副乳頭の4形質に自然および人為の淘汰が働いているか否かを分析した結果, 有角 (p) および副乳頭なしの遺伝子において淘汰に対して有利であることが示唆された.

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The habitat range of the native widow spider, Latrodectus elegans Thorell, is limited to the Yaeyama Islands (Okinawa Prefecture) in Japan, and its sharp population decline may be due to pesticides exposures and changes in the agricultural landscape. In our survey, a single female of L. elegans and its 6 egg cases were collected on Hateruma-jima Island for the first time since 2001. Unfortunately, the invasive brown widow spider, L. geometricus Koch (8 females and 42 egg cases), which is declared a noxious species in the Invasive Alien Species Act of Japan, was simultaneously collected for the first time from this island. Competitive exclusion of L. elegans by L. geometricus is a concern because they share a similar niche. Therefore, it is essential to carefully monitor the population dynamics of these two widow spiders for the conservation of L. elegans.

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本論文では沖縄県内離島のうち、サービスの条件が異なる3つの離島(多良間島・・伊平屋島)を対象にCVMを利用し航空サービスが住民に及ぼす経済価値とその価値構成を定量的に計測した。分析の結果、これらの島の住民には少なくとも月間約3～7万円、年間約40～80万円程度の経済価値がもたらされる可能性があることがわかった。また、これらの島の住民は航空サービスの存在から及ぼされる便益の程度こそ異なるものの、サービスの直接的な利用やサービスの利用可能性の確保、ならびに他者や後世が利用できるという環境の整備を評価していることが判明した。

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The importance of group A hemolytic streplococci in the etiology of rheumatic fever and acute nephritis has been well documented. Further, there are many reports on the epidemiological significance of antistreptolysin-O titer and antistreptokinase titer as related to streptococcal infection, rheumatic fever, and acute nephritis. Therefore the studies on rheumatic fever and acute neptritis should be based on epidemiology of streptococcal infection.
In order to study the change in the type distribution which accurred after the return of Okinawa to Japan in May, 1972, throat culturing for beta hemolytic streptococci was carried out annually among school children in Okinawa since March, 1971. The isolated strains of group A hemolytic streptococci were then examined serologically by T-agglutination method.
Moreover, the distributions of antistreptolysin-O titer and antistreptokinase ti ter in Okinawa were examined in 1973.
The conclusions of this research are as follows:
1) The incidence of beta hemolytic streptococci among school children has been higher in all regions of Okinawa than in any of the other regions of Japan.
2) T-12 was as dominant in Koza city as in Tokyo.
3) The predominant types were different among the Miy ako islands.
4) In Hateruma island, the dominant type has changed from T-11 to T-28, after the return of Okinawa to Japan.
5) T-14 was isolated from every region of Okinawa as one of the predominant types.
6) Although the isolation rate of beta hemolytic streptococci has been high in Okinawa, the mode of the antistreptolysin-O titer distribution and also antistreptokinase titer distribution was considerably low.

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