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The authors have studied an argon closed-cycle hydrogen engine in regard to system configuration, starting and fueling methods, thermal efficiency and losses, the effect of water vapor in the working gas, and the effect of argon concentration. Argon concentration is a trade-off between increased thermal efficiency and worsened knocking, and no method has been found to balance the two. Since the closed-cycle engine recirculates all the exhaust gas except water, the ratio of oxygen, hydrogen, and argon can be set freely. In this study, the oxygen/hydrogen mixing ratio was extended to the extreme range to investigate the possible operating range. The compression ratio and argon concentration were also varied to investigate the effects on knocking and thermal efficiency.

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There are some countermeasures against shifting cargo. But the quantitative evaluation of cargo motions in the oscillating force and the effect of the countermeasures are not cleared. This paper deals with the characteristics of pull down of palletized cargo in the oscillating force, for example, earthquake or oscillation in transportation process. Some basic physical models using actual palletized corrugated container are carried out. A palletized container shows complex movements in six degree of freedom under one dimensional horizontal inertia force. A new shifting parameter of the palletized cargo is proposed to indicate the quantitative displacement of shifting. The influence of the frquency on the number of oscillations when the first container pulls down from a pallet is considered together with the effect of the palletized pattern and the countermeasures.

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