In Ming-Qing history circles, there is not very much research on the military and police as organs of violence to date.Focussing upon the xun (〓), organizations formed in the lowest stratum of the Quig Green standards, this paper examines their policing functions-especially their disposition and jurisdiction-and their relationship to regional society in the Jiangnan delta. In general, policing functions are closely related to the social-economic structure of regional society. That is to say, the maintenance of public peace depends upon a firm grasp of such structure of the society.This paper aims to examine the mutual relationship between policing functions and regional society. The author affirms the following five points. (1)The xun (〓) of the Green Standards was composed of da xun (大〓) and the xiao xun (小〓) dual stratum organizations. (2)Da xun (大〓) were deployed mainly to market towns as their bases of operations. Their jurisdiction coincided with regions depended upon the market for trade. The main policing function of the Green Standards in the Jiangnan delta was to ensure communications in such market towns. (3)Xiao xun (小〓) were deployed within the region surrouding a market town-especially along the main roads linking market towns to other market towns or rural districts-and there discharged policing duties. Their jurisdiction was clearly established by the land division methods tu (図) or wei (〓) characteristic of the Jiangnan delta. (4)Therefore, the (〓) system adapted itself to the social structure of the Jiangnan delta.(5)As a result, xun (〓) jurisdiction came to be regarded as the region surrounding, and thus closely linked to centers of market activity. It is then possible to confirm the influence of such a situation upon the establishment of autonomous districts during the late Qing period. Marketing Community theory introduced by G.W.Skinner divides markets into three types :"standard market""intermediate market, " and "central market." Up until now, due thought has not been given to which of these types of marketing community corresponds to those regions policed by the xun(〓).Through this study, the author suggests that da xun (大〓) jurisdiction coincided with an"intermediate marketing community, "its purpose to deploy with intermediate markets as its bases of operations.

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