本稿は専門学校美容師養成課程において実践した，アクティブラーニング型授業の実践報告である。美容師国家試験では幅広い分野の知識が要求されるが，美容師養成課程の学生は講義課目への関心が向きづらい傾向がある。そこで，講義課目における授業改善の取組として，アクティブラーニングを導入した授業を実施した。その結果，学生の学修意欲，授業満足度，授業参加度，成績結果について向上したことが確認できた。さらに，教員の学修促進行動，質問等への対応について向上が確認された。

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我が国の理容業および美容業の歴史, 現状および課題を論考する. 2019年度の市場規模は理容業6295憶円, 美容業1兆4984億円, 2014年度からの伸び率は理容業が年率0.55%のマイナス, 美容業が同じく0.40%のマイナスであり, 両者とも市場がわずかな微減傾向を示す.本稿では,厚生労働書の都道府県別実態調査などを基礎にして, この要因を供給者側ならびに需要者側から探る. とくに，衛生面からの重要性を強調したい.

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This paper aims to examine the process by which barbers' techniques and labour became institutionalised in the formative years of the barber industry in Japan.) Drawing on secondary sources and interviews with the staff of a vocational school, the paper focuses on the role of a textbook on haircutting theory, which was widely consumed among barbers and students at barber schools and that was responsible for the consolidation of what was then considered to be standard techniques. The training of barbers, which had hitherto been based on the apprentice system, was unified into school education system during the 1950s that called for a partial amendment of the Barber Law. Meanwhile, with a view to ensuring barbers' effciency in work and management, the Barbers Union brought the theory and techniqucs of haircutting into modules at barber schools. The findings demonstrate that, although the standardised techniques of haircutting promised barbers rational labour, their uniformity turned so obsolete in the wake of Japan's consumer society in the 1970s onwards that they have held little appeal to students in hairdressing. As a result, the standardisation of barbers' techniques and labour has given rise to conflict, which has eventually led to the decline in the number of barbers in favour of beauticians.

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