The purpose of this paper is to clarify the actual condition of rural society and local administrative system in the Jiangsu (江蘇) and Zhejiang (淅江), and to explain that the actual condition restrained execution of the cooperative policy. In the rural societies, there were a few people who sympathized with the policy, and there were a few people who carried out the policy. In particular, many non-literacy people existed in sharecroppers and poor peasants, and lacked the organizational ability of the cooperative. Systematization of the cooperatives was progressed under initiative of some intellectual people and primary school teachers in a few regions. But these cases were rare existence in vast rural society of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang. On the other hand, the local administrative system was also flimsy. This was the major factor which made progress of cooperative policy difficult. Furthermore, the difficult factor of the cooperative policy was the state of rural society. That is, since a natural village lacked an autonomous function, it did not become the motion to set up the cooperative with a united effort in a village. In the case of Japanese cooperative, it became the constituent's council system, and as long as the landlords resided in the autonomous village, they also had to follow the resolution. As opposed to it, in China, the cooperative did not become the constituent's council system, therefore democratic control was difficult. Therefore, there were many cases that partial members, such as the landlords, rich farmers and merchants, managed arbitrarily the cooperative.
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