One of the notable characteristics of Vietnam's industrial parks is their relatively large size compared to those in other ASEAN countries. The primary reason for this is that Vietnam's industrial parks play a pivotal role as "new production bases" in the country's economy. This study aims to analyze the unique features of Vietnam's industrial parks as "new growth bases" through the lenses of development economics theory and industrial agglomeration theory. Drawing on modern Big Push theory, this study examines whether Vietnam's industrial parks exhibit economies of scale and positive externalities, while also clarifying their distinctive characteristics and the underlying economic mechanisms within Vietnam's economy.

This paper aims to illustrate and show viewpoints for strength of correlation relationships between personal exchanges and economic activities, focusing on person in specialty occupation and international transactions between Japan and 30th countries for 11 years. Moreover, results of this empirical analysis suggest that personal exchanges are positively correlated with trading in goods and services in international economic activities.

The purpose of this paper is to reacknowledge the importance of the use of appropriate econometric method and statistics in empirical analyses on the effect of Non-Tariff Measures on international trade. The paper finds that there is measurement error issues regarding Non-Tariff Measures. As a policy implication, it should be noted that HS classification and firm-level product classifications need to be harmonized.