Cores are necessary to sustain environmental conservation movements. The cores, as parts of the social systems, are both administration and inhabitants or either one. The cores lead other elements in the social system to perform environmental conservation. Japan has two kinds of culture, typically traditional one and that introduced from developed countries. The former has been observed in rural areas, on the other hand, the latter in urban areas. Under the typically traditional culture, inhabitants are accustomed to be controlled by administration due to feudalism. Inhabitants in urban areas, however, have already experienced that administration is controlled by themselves. Environmental conservation movements in urban areas, therefore, are initially advanced by inhabitants and followed by administration. However, in rural areas, they aredone conversely. In this paper, the restoration measures of creeksin. Yanagawa, which were started by administration, are compared with ones in urban areas. The measures taken in Yanagawa are shown to be those which utilized traditional social criteria and not to be applicable to urban areas. Inhabitants' cooperation is also shown to be necessary to sustain publicity actions to conserve environment.

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