The menus presented in offerings of seasonal rites (33 times in both the spring and autumn), mainly recorded by Shunsui Rai (1746-1816, a Confucian in the late Edo era) were investigated. Sweets and tea were provided in all rites, and sake was recorded after 1804. The types of product presented were made by both traditional and innovated methods started during the Edo era, such as morohaku-sake (refined clear sake), neri-yokan (azuki bean jelly solidified with agar), and green tea. These products were supplied from all over Japan. Some sake brands represented each season, like residual snow and cherry blossom for the spring rites, and chrysanthemum and rice in the autumn events. Fruit harvested in the autumn was also often offered.

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  Kyôhei (1756-1834) and Shunsui (1746-1816) were the youngest and eldest brothers in the Rai family, both Confucians of the Hiroshima feudal clan in the later Edo era. Kyôhei started to perform Confucian seasonal rites at his own house in 1820; this was four years after the death of Shunsui, the wife of Kyôhei and their second son also being dead at that time. Kyôhei followed the rites procedure conducted by Shunsui. This means that Kyôhei established his own Confucian house separately from that of Shunsui as a branch family, the rites being held ten times in the spring and seven times in the autumn until 1837. There were subsequently two separate Confucian seasonal rites, at the late Shunsui's and Kyôhei's houses, the family members each performing two rites. This created greater exchange and brought about closer bonds in the whole Rai family. The bonds forged between the two successors, Yoichi (the grandson of Shunsui) and Saichirô (the first son of Kyôhei), were particularly important to maintain the family prosperity. The family members of the late Shunsui, as well as their attendants, servants, and close acquaintances joined in the feasts after conducting the rites. Baishi, the widow of Shunsui, provided such ingredients as icefish, ayu (sweet fish), and sweets as offerings for Kyôhei. Two types of fish were designated as offerings by Shunsui, while sweets were mostly provided among the offerings from Baishi.

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産業廃棄物などに含まれる有用金属の分離回収および有害金属の除去・検出を効率的に行うには, 高い選択性を有する金属分離試薬の開発が必要である。我々は新規金属分離試薬として, ジグリコールアミド酸（DGAA）型配位子を開発した。この試薬はアミド基とカルボン酸をエーテル鎖で連結した三座配位構造を有し, 市販の配位子より優れた金属分離能をもつ。また, 1ステップで簡便に合成が可能でコストパフォーマンスにも優れている。本稿では, DGAA型配位子の56種の金属イオンに対する抽出特性, 希土類金属の抽出分離, および有害金属の除去について解説する。さらに, DGAA型配位子と金結合性ペプチドを融合した配位子融合ペプチドを用いて, DGAA固定化金ナノ粒子をワンポットで合成する手法を開発し, 有害金属イオンを色の変化で高感度に検出できるイオン交換比色センサーに展開したので紹介する。

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