Large strides have been made in primary health care and services in Jinzhai County, Anhui, sincefourth-grade health care facilities at hamlet and village levels were improved under the guidance ofthe public health organization of the county.
Worthy of special note are the establishment of the health compensation system for women andinfants, introduction of premarital education programs for the young, regular checkups for pregnantwomen, regular health screenings and vaccination for infants under the age of 7. The results havebeen outstanding.
Mortality rates of pregnant women, nursing mothers and babies during the perinatal period have dropped remarkably. The incidence of tetanus among the neonates has been reduced to zero.
Health inquiries have found there is a high rate of cancer of the thyroid gland. As preventive measures, iodine preparations are given to primary and middle school children. Thyroidectomy has been performed on some malignant cases.
Meanwhile, the spread of a clean water supply system is a major task grappled with by community health officials. Although the service area is limited yet, tap water has become available. The living environment in Jinzhai County overall has been improved to a level comparable with the PHC (?) standards recommended by the World Health Organization.
Under the slogan “Creating Better Health for All the People, ” continuous effort is being madewith 2000 as the target year.

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中国政府は農家の貧困改善やバイオマスエネルギーの利用，森林伐採の抑制などを目的として農家向けに小規模のメタン発酵装置の導入を促進している。多くの利点が指摘されているメタン発酵装置だが，実際にその効果が現れているかについては，農村での実態調査を行わなければ明らかにすることはできない。そこで，本研究では湖南省常徳市と安徽省六安市の二つの地域で農村調査を実施し，メタン発酵装置の導入効果を分析した。調査結果から，湖南省常徳市ではメタン発酵装置の導入によって，農家の貧困改善，地域の環境保全に効果が見られた。一方，安徽省六安市では電力網の整備や出稼ぎの増加等の影響で，メタン発酵装置の導入効果は見られず，その効果には農村地域の立地条件や経済状況が大きく影響していることが明らかになった。農村の生活向上，農業生産の維持向上など，今後の農村の持続可能性という点では，貧困地域では積極的なメタン発酵装置の導入が有効であろう。また，都市近郊の農村地域では農家世帯ではなく，大規模なメタン発酵装置の導入を軸にした産業振興を図ることが農村地域の持続的な発展に寄与すると考えられる。

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