3-¹⁴C-1-メチルチオセミカルバジドを水面施用すると, 1日後に放射能がイネ体中の一部に認められ, 3日後には全体に分布し, とくに葉先に多く蓄積する. 施用45日後の収穫時には, イネ体地上部に認められた放射能の85.1%は葉身部に, 2.3%が玄米中に存在している. 葉鞘・葉身部の全放射能の58.7～41.1%, 玄米中の全放射能の6.0%が, 2-アミノー1,3,4-チアジアゾールであった.

抄録全体を表示

1-メチルチオセミカルバジドは田面水中に施用されたのち, 湛水土壌系中において抗菌性物質を含む三つの化合物に変換し, 抗菌性物質と他の1成分はイネ体内に吸収された. 抗菌性物質はイネ体内で長期にわたり保持されるところから, 1-メチルチオセミカルバジドの田面水中施用によるすぐれたイネ白葉枯病防除効果は, 本抗菌性物質によるものと考えられる. 抗菌性物質をイネ体より抽出精製し同定したところ, 2-アミノ-1,3,4-チアジゾールであった.

抄録全体を表示

酵素法によるプロリダーゼ活性の迅速測定について検討した。プロリダーゼによりAla-Proを分解して,アラニンを生成した。アラニンとNADをアラニンデヒドロゲナーゼで触媒し,生成したNADHに1-Methoxy PMSと水溶性のフォルマザン(WST-1)を添加した。酵素分析法における反応生成物である黄色のテトラゾリウム塩を測定することにより,フロリダーゼ活性を測定した。測定にはマイクロプレートリーダーを用い,操作を簡便にした。本測定法は,変動係数が8%と高い再現性が得られた。また,ニンヒドリン法と比べて約8.5倍の感度であった。

抄録全体を表示

2012年11月23日，日本サンゴ礁学会第15回大会自由集会「若手の異分野連携を考える—日本サンゴ礁学会若手の会たちあげ—」が開かれ，これを決起集会として日本サンゴ礁学会若手の会が設立された。本稿では，若手の会を設立するに至ったこれまでの経緯と，設立のねらいを明示し，本自由集会で発表された既存の若手の連携研究例の要点をまとめる。さらに，展望として自由集会で議論した今後の若手の連携案と，異分野連携を一歩進めるための戦略を示す。

抄録全体を表示

In recent years, the use of Al matrix composites with high heat dissipation has grown because of the increased heat generation of high-power semiconductors. These composites must have excellent thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical properties over a wide temperature range, and the ability to suppress thermal expansion. In this study, TiB₂ particles were selected as the additive to pure aluminum, the composites of which were fabricated by sintering. The objective of this study was to clarify the relation between particle dispersibility and thermal conductivity. Initially, TiB₂ particles and Al powder were mixed dry and wet with ethanol to form mixed powders, and 10 vol.% TiB₂ particles dispersed pure Al matrix composites were fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Subsequently, dispersibility was evaluated using the LN2DRver method, followed by particle size distribution, and thermal conductivity. Consequently, we were able to quantitatively assess the difference in dispersibility caused by the mixing method. Moreover, the experimental thermal conductivity was corrected using the relative density, and a slight difference was noted between wet and dry processes. Furthermore, the relation between dispersibility and thermal conductivity was calculated by simulation. The thermal conductivity increased as the dispersibility decreased, and as the volume fraction of TiB₂ particles in the pure Al matrix increased, the thermal conductivity improved significantly.

抄録全体を表示

Oxidation behavior of titanium boride (TiB₂) powder was investigated by thermal analyses (DTA and TG) and X-ray diffraction. From the DTA and TG analyses, a broad exothermic peak with a continuous weight gain was observed between 450 and 750°C. The exothermic peak was bimodal with a minimum around 550°C. High-temperature X-ray diffraction spectra taken around this temperature were featureless. These observations suggest that a high viscosity liquid-phase of B₂O₃ forms as a thick surface coating which then prevents further oxidation of the underlying material. The X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the reaction products were TiO₂ (anatase) at lower temperatures and TiO₂ (rutile) at higher temperatures. TiBO₃ was also identified in the material after heating to 1000°C.

抄録全体を表示

This paper is considering the applicability of the surface wave method for understanding the geological profile under the riverbed. The profile of S-wave velocity and the N- value were well matched. Therefore, S-wave velocity in the ground of the river zone can be treated as an indicator similar to the N - value. It is reasonable estimate of the geological cross-sectional view by using the S-wave velocity distribution. In addition, the pseudo-three-dimensional distribution of S-wave velocity, was consistent with the local situation. As a results, the use of the S-wave velocity distribution obtained from the surface wave method, it is possible to create the 3D hazard map for riverbed degradation and improving the accuracy of the analysis model.

抄録全体を表示

Studies were begun to determine the effectiveness of N-aryl-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrachlorophthalamic acids against bacterial leaf blight of rice, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. The structure-activity relationship of many derivatives indicated that the presence of both the carboxyl radical and four chlorine atoms at phthalic acid moiety was structurally essential for effectiveness against the disease, and optimization of activity was obtained in a derivative (techlofthalam) having 2, 3-dichlorophenyl as the aryl group. Techlofthalam showed no activity in vitro against the causal bacterium, when estimated by a turbidimetric method. Soil application with techlofthalam was found to be considerably effective at 4kg per hectare both in the greenhouse and the field. With foliar application, however, extremely different efficacies were shown with two inoculation methods; excellent control against lesion development was realized by spray inoculation, but only poor control was obtained by needle prick inoculation. Intensive field evaluation proved that techlofthalam spray at 60 to 120g per hectare showed a stable and excellent effect. In order to know the mode of action of techlofthalam, the change in population and aggressiveness of the bacterium in leaves sprayed with a 100ppm solution were examined. There was a definite trend of change in bacterial populations at all spray times, 1 day before and 3 days after inoculation, and after lesion formation; the bacterial population started to decrease a few days after spraying, and then was stable at much lower levels. The bacterium isolated from a sprayed leaf had lower aggressiveness than one from an unsprayed leaf. In consideration of generation time (approximately 10 hours in the exponential growth phase) of the bacterium in rice leaf, these results suggested techlofthalam's direct inhibitory effect on the multiplication of bacterium on the leaf. Retardation of the increase in viable bacterial population was found by a static culture using Suwa's synthetic medium containing techlofthalam at 0.1ppm; this was practically the same concentration as that gaschromatographically determined in guttation droplets on rice leaves a few days after spraying. Some other results also gave support to the conclusion that techlofthalam displays bacteriostatic action in rice leaf. Techlofthalam has been practically used in Korea since 1979.

抄録全体を表示

　常呂川水系無加川では，河床の礫が流出し，その下部の軟岩や火山灰層が露出した場合には，洗掘や河床低下が急激に進行する．このため，洗掘抵抗が低い軟岩や火山灰層の空間的な分布を把握することは防災計画を立案する上で重要である．地盤剛性に関するパラメータであるS波速度の2次元分布を取得可能な表面波探査は有用な方法であるものの，水流がある河道内での実施例は無い．本研究では，水流の影響を低減できる治具の開発，水面下での地震計の設置方法，河道内での起振方法について検討した．その結果，新たに検討した手法を用いて得られた水面下でのS波速度は現地の状況と良く一致した．また，深度6mまでの結果に着目すると，水面下の河道内から陸域までのS波速度分布の連続性は良好であった．

抄録全体を表示

To elucidate influence of bedrock cover thickness on bar morphology in free bar generating condition, we conducted hydraulic experiments. We changed bed material thickness (less and enough for fully grown bar height) and bedload feed rate (equilibrium state and 30% of equilibrium state). The results showed that bedrock exposures around bar fronts were stretched in the case bedrock cover thickness is thinner than fully grown bar height. But, in the case bedrock cover thickness is same as fully grown bar height, the exposures were not stretched. We assumed that easiness of bedrock exposer by bed material erosion and exposure rate at bar formed time related to the occurrence of exposure stretch. In the combined condition case of enough bed material thickness for bar height growth and 30% of equilibrium bedload feed, the exposure rate was not increased during experiment.

抄録全体を表示

It is necessary to aim at the welded joint durability and corrosion resistance improvement to construct the high endurance piping system, and it is necessary to prevent the weld being oxidized. To obtain durability and corrosion resistance in the weld, the criteria sample of the oxidized scale in the weld was made, and the present study expressed numerically and evaluated the color.

抄録全体を表示

　常呂川水系無加川では，2016年8月に洪水により表層砂礫が一掃され火山灰層が露出，急激な河床低下の進行が低水護岸や橋梁の安定性を低下させている．本研究では，岩盤河川の表層砂礫の維持に着目し，その層厚を把握するため，表面波探査と地中レーダ探査を組み合わせた調査手法について検討した．その結果，表面波探査と地中レーダ探査を組み合わせることで，両者の結果を補間し，より精度良く砂礫層厚を把握する手法になり得ることがわかった．また，河川域における物理探査の適用範囲を広げるための課題を明らかにした．

抄録全体を表示

PHGPx (リン脂質ヒドロペルオキシドグルタチオンペルオキシダーゼ) は活性酸素により生体膜に生じたリン脂質ヒドロペルオキシドを直接還元する酵素である。PHGPxの欠損は脂質酸化を引きおこし新規細胞死を誘導し, 個体レベルでも致死となること, ビタミンEの投与は, この細胞死を抑制できることから, PHGPxとビタミンEによるリン脂質ヒドロペルオキシドの生成抑制は, 生命の維持に必須であることが明らかとなった。また脂質酸化の蓄積は直接疾患の原因となることも明らかとなった。

抄録全体を表示

Wire electrical discharge machining of pressureless sintered TiB₂ containing Cr and C as the sintering aids was investigated. The effects of machining conditions on the surface roughness and bending strength were discussed. The surface roughness increased with increase in the cutting speed. The bending strength remained with increase in the cutting speed to 5-40mm²/min. The bending strength of 320MPa was very close to the values for sintered body prepared by cut and polished with a diamond disc and powder.

抄録全体を表示

In this paper, we will report outline of energy conservation system and operation results, introduced into a core hospital for region. Many of the other two-tube type hospitals have problems in operation of cooling or warming switching season, but it is thought that there are few harm to the user by the two-tube system in this hospital.

抄録全体を表示

We built the stainless steel plumbing of approximately 40m and welded it while pouring back shielding gas into the piping. Then we inspected it whether a weld could get white skin and evaluated coloration parts of an oxidation scale formed on the weld by the color difference. In addition, we suggest the construction points of the automatic welding in sites.

抄録全体を表示