燃料電池自動車(FCEV)は，電気自動車(BEV)に続く次代のゼロエミッションビークル(ZEV)として近年注目を集めている。しかしその商業化は容易ではなくまだ大きな成功を収めるには至っていない。 本研究では，イノベーションに関するSchumpeter 理論を援用・拡張することによって過去の破壊的イノベーションが新商品の経済発展に必要なイノベーションを停滞・欠落させるメカニズムを提案した。また，ここから予想される過度の期待を定量化するため，学術論文を対象としたメタアナリシスを実施し個々の将来予測に関わる前提を分析した。その結果，FCEV の普及年を特定した学術論文が2006 年頃から急激に増加することが明らかになった。この結果から学術論文に関する産業界の認識ギャップについて考察した。

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This article examines the significance of future-oriented activities, by way of reviewing discussions on "hope" and "expectation" in the fields of sociology and science and technology studies. First, the article explores relevant Japanese discussions, paying special attention to kibo-gaku "social science of hope". The specific assumptions made in this field are found to carry certain limitations. Moreover, although future-oriented activities such as Technology Assessment and foresight exercises are increasing in Japan, the social sciences have made littile theoretical contribution to them. Second, the article turns to focus on the sociology of expectations, an interdisciplinary field emerging in Europe by combining science and technology studies, innovation studies, and sociology. Referring to concepts and empirical studies in the sociology of expectations, the article highlights the interaction of future-oriented activities with science and technology. In conclusion, the article suggests possibilities for bringing theoretical and practical discussions on future-oriented activities in Japanese social science.

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The purpose of this special issue is to clarify how accumulated activities and their linkages to humans, heterogeneous organisms, and materials have generated mountain village landscapes in Japan's industrial capitalist society and to present new methodologies for understanding their historical dynamics and appropriate interventions from an anthropological perspective. To this end, specialists in geology, anthropology, architectural history, history, and area studies collaborate to provide an ethnography/ ethnohistory of mountain village landscapes in Japan since the early modern period.

Several of Japan's mountain village landscapes may be more appropriately regarded as "ruins" than as places that remain unaffected by the state or industrial capitalism. Adopting this perspective, we approach the present mountain village landscape not as a place that is removed from the logic of the state and capital but rather as a historical space in which these influences have accumulated. The papers in this special issue examine the triad of plates, soils, slopes, and other material environments; crops, including millet, paddy rice, mountain tea, cedar, tobacco, and other species; and the people associated with them within a long-term historical scale （i.e., longue durée） since the early modern period, placing them within their broader political and economic contexts.

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　生命科学の発展は多くのベネフィットを社会にもたらすと同時に，「生」が持つ様々な側面を資本化し，市場の中に投げ入れてきた．現代における「生」の資本化は，とりわけ1970 年代以降のバイオテクノロジーの急速な発展と，それに適応する形で1980 年代のアメリカにおけるプロパテント政策を背景として急速に進んでいったものであるが，このような「生」の「生-資本」化を巡る視座は近年における科学技術社会論の中心的な関心の一つになりつつある．その中で，「生-資本」を巡る「語り」やポリティクスがどのような実態を持つのかについてのアプローチが続けられている．

　このような状況を踏まえ，本稿では，特に2000 年代半ば以降における国内外の「生―資本」を巡る議論を概観すると共に，科学技術社会論が当該テーマに関して今後取り組むべき課題とその方向性について素描を試みる．

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　生命医科学の発展とともに様々な形で人体の資源化は実現されてきたが，資源化された人体を直接的に産業と結びつけることは必ずしも社会として受容されてこなかった．これに対し，再生医療の特徴の一つとして，実現された際にもたらされる経済効果への期待が明示的である点が挙げられる．本稿は，そのような再生医療における人体の資源化と経済活動の結びつきを正当化するための社会装置という観点から，幹細胞バンクについて，特にヒト人工多能性幹細胞（hiPS細胞）研究の一環として国内に設置された二つの幹細胞バンクに焦点を当てて検討を行う．hiPS細胞の医療応用への道筋としては，再生医療と病態モデルの作成による創薬の推進が提示されており，これらの幹細胞バンクはそれぞれの道筋に対応するものと理解できる．二つの幹細胞バンクとそこに見える人体の資源化の在り方の考察を手がかりに，人体の資源化に関わる社会装置に目を向けることの重要性について考える．

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This study analyzes Japanese newspaper coverage of seismology from 1990 to 2016 and investigates how newspaper media portray the scientific ideas of seismology. In all, 19360 articles that contained references to scientific stories on seismology published by the Asahi Shimbun, the Yomiuri Shimbun, and the Mainichi Shimbun are collected. The content of newspaper coverage is classified into 14 topics using the cluster analysis with the distributed representation of articles which is generated by the machine learning method, Paragraph2Vec. The time-series analysis of articles reveals that a very large number of seismological reports are released immediately after big earthquakes occur but this number rapidly decreases within a few months. This means that the fleeting intense coverage greatly elevates the level of public concern about the seismic risk, while it fails to constitute the enduring forum for public debate of seismic risk issues. The content analysis with use of the natural language processing shows that the “earthquake prediction research” topic is covered most frequently and plays a pivotal role in seismological coverage. However, reports on “earthquake prediction research” topic are recently declining and obviously taking on a scientific research aspect. Results argue that the manner in which newspaper media report seismically related issues is undergoing major changes after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Specifically, media pay a great deal of attention to the issue of preparation measures for the future Nankai Trough earthquake and more news related to probabilistic assessments of earthquakes are conveyed as well. Such coverage would develop a public perception that the risk of coming earthquakes can only be described as the probabilistic assessment. In the societal debate about probabilistic seismic hazard maps, accountability and communication responsibilities of experts for the probabilistic assessments of seismic risk must be more strongly demanded from mass media and public. Moreover, evolving digital technologies create various types of information platforms such as digital media and SNS, some of which may provide a distorted depiction of seismic risk. Therefore, in order to realize effective risk communication in a rapidly changing media landscape, seismologists should not solely corroborate with legacy media organizations, but also support communication organizations which improve links between scientific community and media and enhance the accuracy of scientific coverage.

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Introduction of new technology to our society involves risks and uncertainties. They may go unnoticed at the first instance, but would be revealed if an incident or accident concerning the technology brings about irreparable and undesirable change(s) to the society. To prevent this, deliberative initiatives involving various stakeholders, especially citizens, are critical. A social experiment, which is a trial to introduce new technology into a limited section of the society and obtain feedbacks from the stakeholders involved, is one such initiative. To obtain invaluable knowledge about the technology while protecting the society from its negative consequence(s), however, serious thoughts should be given when the experiment is conducted. In this paper, we discuss some such issues to be considered as ELSI of a social experiment. To make use of a social experiment as an effective means of public participation, it needs be designed and practiced to overcome one's structurally imposed ignorance.

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