The archaeological excavations at Tel 'Ein Gev, Israel, from 1990-2004 yielded finds from a major fortified city, including a casemate wall, a citadel, and several tripartite pillared buildings. However, the date of these buildings and even the date of the establishment of the site itself has not been clarified yet. Until now it has been believed that there were two strata of pillared buildings and that the city wall was contemporary to the lower pillared buildings because the wall supports the podium of these buildings. However, the pottery sherds from the city wall include types older than the ones from the lower pillared buildings.
Through the analyses of both the pottery assemblages and the stratigraphy of the building remains, the present writer shows that it is more reasonable to see three strata of pillared buildings, dated to the 8^th, the 9^th, and the 10^th centuries B. C. To study the pottery assemblages, I categorized bowls, kraters, cooking pots, and storage jars as to type and analyzed the frequency of their appearance according to the building units and strata. As a result, it is clear that there are three distinct pottery assemblages for the pillared buildings. The assemblage from the citadel coincides with the middle period assemblage from the pillared buildings, and from the city wall the types from all periods appear.
Concerning the building remains, the foundations of the northern and the middle lower buildings appear to have two phases. The building methods and the materials of these buildings were also different from those of the southern lower building, suggesting different construction time. Further more, during the probe (L510) in the north of the northern pillared building, which had hitherto been considered to be at the lowest level, an even lower floor was discovered. I also show that it is impossible to argue for a 9^th century date for the lower pillared buildings based on the typological similarity of the casemate wall of 'Ein Gev to those of Jezreel and Samaria.
From these studies, I conclude that the Iron Age stratigraphy of Tel 'Ein Gev should be divided into three strata (St. IV, V, VI) and that the city started during the 10^th century B. C.

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There are many stone vessels from Iron Age sites in Levant. In this paper, stone vessels are clasified into four forms: three-legged form, bowl-shaped form, chalice form, four-legged form. The three-legged form is divided into four types and the bowl-shaped one is divided into seven types.
Stone vessels are divided into two groups. The first group is found before the Iron Age, the second is found only in the Iron Age. The second group consists of four types: three-legged form no. 3 type, bowl-shaped form no. 2D type, bowl-shaped form no. 1A type, and chalice type.
I suggested here that the second group is used for special purpose, because its members have complicated forms and special hundles, and some decorations in comparision with the first group. Many stone vessels of the second group were unearthed after the 9th century B. C.. They appeared before the Assyrian conquest.

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This paper is a review of the methodology by which the writer analized the pottery unearthed in Area AI of the Tel Zeror excavations during three seasons, 1964-66. For the detail please see my article in “Orient”, vol. 5, 1969, pp. 41-53.

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The Japanese Archaeological Expedition to En-Gev conducted three seasons' excavation work from 1990 to 1992. The dig centered in the acropolis area in the northern part of the site where two neighboring rectangular buildings were uncovered. The inside sections were divided into three aisles by two rows of limestone pillars.
This type of building is called “tripartite pillared” and more than 15 examples have been discovered in the land of Israel over the past one hundred years.
Archaeologists have proposed various theories concerning the upper structure as well as the use to which the building was put. The En-Gev buildings could be restored with a higher roof over the central aisle. Also, it is thought that these were public buildings in which men, wares and animals were accommodated under the same conditions and for a certain period of time. In short, these were official guest houses where not only Israelite but Aramaean travellers (soldiers, merchants, and officers) journeying between Samaria and Damascus took rest and lodged for the night.

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本邦に於ける製鐵事業の現況と之が將來に就て述べ且つ製鐵事業と人類生存の關係を明にしたる後此等製鐵事業の進展に伴ひ之に要すろ石炭消費量の如何に堰大すべきかを論じ識者の考慮を促さんとす

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The aim of this paper is to examine how the expansion of Neo-Assyrian Empire had influenced the local material culture in the Levant from the 9th to 7th century B. C. The case study consists of 4 types of ceramic bowls: carinated bowls with everted rim, shallow bowls with sharp carination, bar-handled bowls and loop-handled bowls. The distribution of carinated bowls with everted rim and shallow bowls with sharp carination type 1 can be seen in Northern Mesopotamia. The distribution of shallow bowls with sharp carination type 2, bar-handled bowls and loop-handled bowls can be seen in the Levant. Their distribution patterns and their classifications reveal that the Neo-Assyrian Empire did not give a strong influence to local pottery assemblages. Based on the analysis, the only important Assyrian sites in the Levant had carinated bowls with everted rim. Tell Mastuma, which is one of the Iron Age II sites in the northwestern part of Syria, is located on the way of the Assyrian expansion to west. The bowls unearthed from Tell Mastuma should be designated as a part of the Levantine material cultures.

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In the mountainous lands of northern Iran, most of the excavated sites of the Iron Age (1450 BC ~ mid-3rd century B.C.) have been graveyards. Consequently, except for funeral customs, there is a lot of obscurity about certain basics such as the modes of habitation and the occupations.
 In this paper, we analyze dates from surveys of recent years together with the results of earlier investigations and present the basic data of the distribution of Iron Age sites of the study area. Based on this, we investigate the modes of habitation and occupation.
 In this analysis we date the surveyed sites in more detail, based on the results of the study of pottery. We also group and analyze sites according to their natural geographic conditions and compare them. In this way, through an understanding of both the detailed chronological changes and the detailed regional diversity of the distribution of sites, we attempt to grasp the relation between the distribution of the sites and the geographic factors.
 As a result, we find that in the Iron Age the number of settlements increased notably and their zone of distribution also expanded. But certain aspects of these changes were not always uniform throughout the region. Based on the diversity by area of the distribution of the sites, we can trace the process in which an area which has the particular geographic conditions began to be chosen. Because the increase of settlements was especially remarkable in that area, we can hypothesize that these shifts were accompanied by the establishment of new modes of habitation as well as shifts in occupation.

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X線分析により，トルコの三つの古代遺跡から出土した，

の彩文土器の黒/褐色系顔料の特性化を行った．顔料の組成は蛍光X線元素マッピングによって行われた．彩文部分は組成から主成分から名付けられた以下の三つのタイプに分類された；Mn+Feタイプ，Mnタイプ，Feタイプ．これらの顔料の成分相は粉末X線回折とXAFSによって同定された．Mn+Feタイプは赤鉄鉱とヤコブス鉱，Mn-スピネルが同定された．MnタイプはMn-スピネルとハウスマン鉱もしくはビクスビ鉱であった．Feタイプは磁鉄鉱であった．これらの結晶相は土器の焼成条件下におけるFe₂O₃-Mn₂O₃系の相図と矛盾しない．

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During 1997-1998 seasons of excavation in Tel Rehov, Israel, a small religious structure from the time of the United Kingdom (Iron Age IIA) was unearthed. Amihai Mazar, its excavator, has already published a preliminary report, in which he called this structure a “bamah”. However, he has not discussed its nature in detail and the ambiguity of the term “bamah” is well known. Since it is a fascinating structure in understanding the real picture of Israelite religion during the Kingdom period, we attempted to define its nature by setting it in the typological development of the religious structures in ancient Palestine.
As a result, we can point out the following significances.
1. This structure reflects the religious situation of the beginning of the Iron Age, when the great temples of LB period disappeared almost completely and small local sanctuaries increased. Small sanctuaries within towns closely related to daily activities are especially the hallmark of this period. This may suggest that the establishment of the Israelite State and the building of the central Temple in Jerusalem deprived the independent positions of the great temples of the Canaanite City States.
2. This structure will give insights to the variety of the local religious activities during the Israelite Kingdom. The small sanctuaries of this period can be subdivided into ones inside towns, outside towns, and around city gates. The first and the second both have interior and open-air types. The structure of Tel Rehov can be categorized as one inside the town and open-air. Animal sacrifice and community meal seem to have been included in its religious rite. Since most of the sanctuaries inside towns are of interior type, the one in Arad, which is not reported in detail, is the only other example of this type. The sanctuaries at Lachish and Hazor have both cult rooms and open courtyards. However, their open areas do not have any evidence of animal sacrifice, and in this sense they are not exactly the same as the ones in Tel Rehov and Arad. The religious structure found in Tel Rehov, therefore, is a unique example which enables us to clarify the full picture of th e local religious activities held in the open courtyard during the Iron Age.

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2008年に富山市小竹貝塚から発見された縄文時代前期の女性頭蓋である小竹貝塚1号人骨と，東北，関東，東海，山陽地方の縄文時代中・後・晩期人集団，中国の安陽青銅器時代人集団，東南アジアの新石器―人集団，オーストラリアのCoobool Creek更新世後期人集団との類縁関係を，頭蓋計測値12，10，9，6項目に基づく典型性確率によって検討した。その結果，小竹貝塚1号人骨は，これらの集団の中では，東北地方の縄文時代中・後・晩期人女性集団に最も近いことが示された。他地方の縄文時代早・前期個体標本についても同様の分析を行なったところ，小竹貝塚1号人骨が似ていた東北地方縄文時代中・後・晩期人女性集団に最も類似しているのは北海道の北黄金K13個体であること，そして，この北黄金K13は東北地方の縄文時代中・後・晩期人よりも中国の安陽青銅器時代人や東南アジアの新石器―人にもっとよく似ていることが示された。このような事実に基づいて，縄文時代早・前期相当期におけるアジア人の移住・拡散過程について試行的な考察を行なった。

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The aim of this paper is offer a substantive image of Attic society in the Early Iron Age through a discussion of the available archaeological evidence. In the first section, the author defines her research theme, then in the second discusses the recent research on the Early Iron Age in Greece. From section three, she begins her examination of Athens and Attica. First, she considers the transitional period from the Bronze to the Early Iron Age, focussing on Athens, then on Attica. Regarding Attica, there are six excavation sites to explore in detail : namely, Elefsina (Eleusis), the cemetery of Nea Ionia, the sanctuary of Imittos (Hymettos), Vravrona (Brauron), Thorikos, and Perati. Next, she turns to later part of the Early Iron Age, discussing the so-called tomb cult on the Bronze Age tombs. From here investigation she concludes that the early part of the Early Iron Age (from the Sub-Mycenaean period to the first half of the Protogeometric period) was marked by Athens as a large thriving settlement and Attica as extremely under-populated ; however, from the mid-Protogeometric period, on several settlements developed gradually in Attica. From the related four excavation sites, there is evidence of the tomb cult ("ancestor" cult), which has been identified as late eighth or early seventh century BC. She is of the opinion that the tomb cult existed to claim ownership land in the settlements and practice local autochthony. She also suggests that in the background of the Attic tomb cult lay significant social and political changes, such as the founding of new settlements and the growth of Athen's power on the strength of its colonization of Attica.

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