The author examined fossilized deer bones with forks at one or both ends which were excavated from the Gohezu cave of Ie-jima, Okinawa Prefecture, and whichhave been considered them as the result of shaping by hominids. He decided that they were not artificial, but in a much more advanced stage of bone damage due to chewing by deer himself as a result of osteophagia. So, at present, any archaeological evidences in palaeolithic age are not recognized inOkinawa Prefecture. Recently an amorphous flake industry with wedge shaped tools has been found in the layer, contained AT-tephra dated more than 20, 000 years B.P., at the Yaaya and Kisikawa, Amamioshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture. The undated same industry, too, is reported from the Amangusuku, Tokunoshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture. The author asserts that the flake industry in final Upper Pleistocene should been widely distributed throughout the Nansei (Southeastern) Islands of Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefecture. Further, the same flake industry with wedgeshaped tools exists at the Baxian-dong caves (5, 000-15, 000ys. B.P.) in Eastern Taiwan, Lang Rongrien rockshelter (27, 000-37, 000 ys. B.P.) in Southwestern Thailand, and Devil's Lair cave (12, 000-31, 000 ys. B.P.) in Southwestern Australia. The author thinks that the prehistoric people with the flake industry had adapted themselves to coastal environment somewhere around Southeast Asia about 30, 000 years ago, because of findingsof fish bone sand fishing tools from the sites. They had known about the technology how to sail across the sea, and dispersed on each islands northward along the Nansei Islands from the cradle of flake industry in Southeast Asia until 20, 000 years ago.

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Artifacts excavated at the Yamashita-cho Cave Site were classified as stone and bone artifacts. Deer bone artifacts were rich in quantity, whereas stone implements were few. The tradition of the Yamashitacho culture differs from those of the Sampoeng (Indonesia), the Hoabinhian (Indonesia) or the changpinian (Formosa), and the traditional relationsip of ti, . Yamashita-rho rnltiira is not rlanr.

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The Kaidocho (1739-1830) is a culinary record of an important inn in the lodging town of Odanijuku, and clearly outlines what the Hokuriku lords ate there on their way to the capital to fulfil their feudal duties. They received gifts of carp, funa (crucian), and matsutake mushrooms to be cooked, as well as funazushi, and the simple, local rice cake, samegaimochi. Later, sugared rice cake and green tea, which was light and kept well, became more popular, although gifts were sometimes refused to minimize expense. Rice, miso, soy sauce and vinegar were supplied for the lord's cooks to prepare meals. The inn's cooks prepared such meals as ichizen meshi, soup and two vegetables, and soup and three vegetables, meals often being graded in both content and quality according to lord's rank. The Dochu Honjin Kondate menu given by the Maeda Clan in 1783 included healthy foods such as rice, soup, stewed vegetables, grilled fish and pickled vegetables. When numbers were large, freshwater fish and vegetables were procured locally, while dried or salted sea fish from Tsuruga were added to local produce.

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本研究では，国立台湾大学医学院体質人類学教室が収蔵する人骨コレクションに関する総合的研究の一環として，人骨中に残存するコラーゲンの炭素・窒素同位体比から，彼らが利用したタンパク質源を推定した。中央山地の高地に居住するブヌンの生業は，粟に特化した焼畑農耕と狩猟を主としたとされるが，骨コラーゲンの同位体比は陸上生態系およびC₄植物の雑穀に依存した個体がある一方，窒素同位体比が比較的高い水産物に依存した可能性のある個体も検出されている。しかし，戦前の民俗調査では，ブヌンの漁撈活動は社によって大きく異なることが記されており，その意義についてはさらに議論が必要である。一方，台湾各地の先史時代遺跡から出土した古人骨では，非常に多様性に富んだ食生態が示された。海産物の利用やC₄植物である粟などの雑穀の利用について，時代および地域間で大きな変動があったようだ。残念ながら，今回分析した古人骨資料は，帰属する文化層などの出土状況の記録が失われているので，今後放射性炭素などで，人骨の年代決定をすすめ，あわせて出土状況が明らかな古人骨資料のデータを積み重ねることで，台湾における食生態のダイナミックな変遷を明らかにできるだろう。

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