This article examines the activities of Toji 東寺 Temple's Zoeikata 造営方 (Office of Repairs) and how its organization influenced Toji during the Muromachi period. The research to data has described the Zoeikata as a large financial organization that lent money to entities within and without Toji, thus making it an important institution in the Temple's management. According to the research done to date on lending during the mid-fifteenth century, a change occurred in the way money was lent to the Goho 五方, intermediary in negotiations the temple carried on with the Muromachi Bakufu and the Court, from lenders charging usurious interest rates during the 1450s to interest-free loans from the Zoeikata from the 1460s on. Although the image of the Zoeikata has been formed based such activities, no one has bothered to investigate concretely why such a change occurred. The purpose of the present article is to look more deeply into what happened and try to place it within the context of political and social trends of the time, while clarifying the background to the relative stability achieved by Toji. The author's conclusions are as follows. First, the Zoeikata was able to begin providing interest-free loans thanks to the revenue accruing from a special land tax (tansen 段銭) levied in 1455 on Echizen Province through the provincial constable's (shugo 守護) office. Immediately prior to the levy, during the 10th month of the previous year, a debt immunity (tokusei 徳政) order was issued, enabling Toji to free itself from the debt it owed usurers operating outside the Temple and begin lending directly from the Zoeikata. This means that the image of the Zoeikata builded up by the research to date is extremely limited in terms of its over-all history. Secondly, based on the assumption that the Zoeikata continued to lend money to organizations in and out of the Temple complex until the end of the fifteenth century, the author concludes that such activity must have helped stabilize the Temple financial-ly and played an important role in its survival and transition into the following the Edo period.

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中世後期に隔地間決済に用いられた手形である割符は、一六世紀初頭から姿を消していった。かわって、替銭を中心とした手形類が用いられるようになってくる。このような手形の動向については、これまでも議論がなされてきたが、その正確な把握と機能の分析は不十分であった。本稿では、一五世紀後半から一六世紀前半における北陸地方の手形類の動向を中心として、その利用の実態を明らかにし、手形類の実際の動きを復元することによりその機能につ いて考察した。この結果、一五世紀末から一六世紀前半にかけての変化は、地方に対する畿内周辺の経済的な中心としてのカの低下に影響されつつ、信用を保証するあり方が一回性のものへ変化したことを論じた。北陸地方においては、本願寺のネットワークなどを通じて維持され手形類に対する需要は存続しつつも、その範囲はより限定的になったのである。

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