With in this research the authors analyzed 127 traffic accident cases originating from tire bursts (blow-outs). These accidents occurred on the expressways of Gifu Pref. with in the past five years (1999-2003). Items investigated included the temperature at the time of the accident, the burst tire position and the vehicle behavior immediately after the tire burst. The results shown indicate; (1) many burst accidents occur in the high summer temperatures, (2) burst accidents usually involve passenger cars, (3) there are many accidents on fair weather days, (4) frequent accidents occur with in the temperature range of 20℃ to 25℃, (5) the number of accidents most frequently occur at a traveling speed of about 100km/h, (6) front wheel burst accidents make up more than half of the total accidents.

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A tire blowout would loose vehicle's stability suddenly, and it makes a driver upset and make him/her mistook steering operation or breaking operation. And there is a danger that a miserable accident would happen from a tire blowout of a vehicle running. However there are only a few reports about traffic accidents caused by a tire blowout. This study examined an accident caused by a tire blowout, which had all occupants (7 people) died. Authors report the process of the investigation for an accident which has no witness, and show an example the way of an investigation method.

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In this study, the authors investigated the effectiveness of using a computer simulation for a traffic accident. The accident being simulated was a highway head-on collision caused by a tire blowout on a truck. The accident was investigated in great detail through observing the behavior of the vehicles by reconstructing the accident using various data collected, of which included skid marks left on the road and damage of the vehicles from the computer founded data. Furthermore, the circumstances of the accident were reconstructed in animation to included view of those persons involved (drivers, eye witness) and the efficacy of the accident was examined through the computer simulation.

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高速道路は高速走行となるため、事故が発生した場合は重大事故に発展することが多い。さらにトンネル内の事故では、救助活動、救命処置および搬送において工夫した対応が求められる。そこで、新たに建設された近畿自動車道紀勢線の開通前に、同道路上のトンネル内で多重事故が発生したという想定で合同訓練を行い、ドクターカーとともに参加した。ドクターカーの医療スタッフは医師2名、看護師1名の編成であったため、現場指揮本部に到着報告をしたのち医師1名は現場指揮本部に入り、もう1名の医師と看護師は現場救護所での診療を開始した。救急隊による一次トリアージにより重症2名、中等症3名、軽症3名と判断された後、看護師が二次トリアージを行い、緊急度の高い傷病者から順に安定化処置を行った。看護師が1名しかいないため、処置を行う際は救護所に配置された救急救命士にも協力を仰いだ。走行可能な状況を加味したうえで搬送先を決定し、いずれも救急車で搬送した。高速道路のトンネル内事故では、救助・救急活動を行ううえで非常に過酷な環境であること、救命処置を行うのに困難が予想されること、二次災害への対応が必要であること、状況に応じて臨機応変に搬送先を選定する必要があるなど、特異的な対応が必要になる。したがって、医療従事者が、このような想定下での訓練に参加することで、円滑な病院前救護活動が実践できると考え、その意義は高いと思われた。

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近年，欧米諸国では動的な交通マネジメントとして可変式速度制限が用いられ，渋滞緩和や事故抑制効果が得られている．しかし，日本における可変式速度制限の効果については未だ明らかになっていない．可変式速度規制を渋滞緩和や事故抑制に資する動的な交通マネジメントのメニューと位置づけるためには，ドライバーが可変式を含む速度規制標識を認知し，且つ規制速度を遵守する必要がある．そこで本研究では，アンケート調査により，可変式速度規制標識の認知度や速度遵守率，及び速度遵守に影響を及ぼす心理要因について分析を行った．その結果，ドライバーの認知度と速度遵守率が定量的に示された．また，「利己的信念」，「規範意識」，「情報への意識」の 3 つの心理要因がドライバーの規制速度遵守意識に影響を及ぼしている可能性が示唆された．

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 In Accidents that the car collided with the person lying on the road, the case fatality rate and hit-and-run rate were high, so the recognition of the location where the victim could be found was often the issue. There was also the cognitive error due to the driver’s belief that a person could not lie on the road. There were many researches on the driver’s visibility in pedestrian accidents, whereas there were few studies conducted on those of the person lying on the road. In this research, we conducted the driving experiment to examine whether the visually recognizable distance of the person lying on the road in night driving changed depending on the speed. There were no significant difference of the visually recognizable distance between slow speed, 40 km/h, and 60 km/h.

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