Investigations on rats with an implanted tumour-carcinosarcoma of Walker (26 animals), cancer of the mammary glands, RMK-1 (75 animals) and in mice with spontaneous cancer of the mammary gland (188 animals)-have shown that the application of a low-level diode laser beam (890 nm) can effect the growth of the experimental tumour. Minimal doses produce a tumouro-static effect, while other doses produce different effects. Low level laser irradiation promotes dystrophic and necrotic changes in tumoural nodes.

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The many stages of pathological, economic, sociological and psychological care and care-giving are described.

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The methods of rapid information processing aimed to reduce the time of realization of cryptographic RSA transformations are propounded in the paper. These methods are based on application of the principle of ring shift (PRS) in the module number system (MNS). MNS application, from point of view of increasing the speed of realization of cryptographic transformations with the open key, proves to be effective in organizing the process of realization of module integer arithmetic operations.

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Most intensive land degradation processes in Kazakhstan have been developed on rangelands. Although land degradation of rangelands is partly associated with sandy soils and dry climate in deserts, poor rangeland management aggravated during the process of land privatization is a major factor. Land degradation of cropland in rainfed agriculture occurs mostly through soil erosion by both wind and water. Although wind erosion is prominent, much land degradation has been caused by erosion by water as well. Research has shown that one of the major means of addressing the issues of soil erosion on cropland in rainfed agriculture is the elimination of the summer fallow practice on black soils and the adoption of chemical summer fallow concept in dry steppe regions. In the last three years, the area under summer fallow was reduced by 1 million ha. The other measure is No-Till and minimum tillage, which are currently adopted practices on 11.2 million ha of cropland. Degradation of cropland in irrigated agriculture occurs even more intensively because of poor management of soil drainage and irrigation systems. Saline seepage in particular is a major problem in these soils. Therefore, policies should be directed towards rebuilding of all irrigation and drainage constructions.

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放射線治療後晩期有害事象に対し，高気圧酸素療法が施行された29例を対象に，その治療効果などについて検討した．障害内容の内訳は，（上）下顎骨壊死あるいは骨髄炎 8 例，直腸粘膜障害 7 例，出血性膀胱炎 7 例，食道潰瘍 3 例，喉頭壊死 2 例，放射線脊髄症，皮膚潰瘍が各 1 例であった．高気圧酸素療法前後の状態をRTOG/EORTC遅発性放射線反応評価基準に従って評価し，gradeで 2 段階以上の減少を著効，1 段階の減少を改善とした．著効率は17％，著効，改善を合わせた奏効率は79％であった．治療による増悪例は認めず，重篤な副作用も見られなかった．文献的には単一の障害に関する高気圧酸素療法の経験の報告があり，奏効率も同程度の結果が多いようである．放射線治療後の晩期有害事象に対しては，ほかに有効な治療法が少ないため，治療の選択肢として認識し，積極的に適応してみるべきであると考えた．

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The essential technological distinctions of the Novovoronezh NPP-2 (NV NPP-2), equipped with passive safety systems, determine some specifics in the character of accidents with the coolant leaks from the reactor primary circuit and the refusal of active part of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS). In the case of an accident with depressurization of the reactor primary circuit, the system of passive heat removal (PHRS) ensures the transition of steam generators (SG) into the mode of steam condensation. As a result, a condensate comes to the core, providing its additional cooling. Upon the steam generators operation in condensation mode, the significant influence exerts the presence of non-condensable gases in the primary circuit. The accumulation of the non-condensable gases in the steam generator pipelines results in the deterioration of its condensation ability. The design decisions considered in the project enable the removal of non-condensable gases in the composition of gas-steam mixture coming from the SG into the hydroaccumulators of second stage system (HA-2) to be guaranteed. For the experimental verifying of the sufficiency of such mixture outflow from SG into the HA-2 system to maintain the SG condensation power, the large-scale test facility HA2M-SG was constructed in IPPE. The experiments dealing with the study of condensation mode of SG operation under the ingress of mixture of steam with non-condensable gases into pipelines and synchronous outflow of gas-steam mixture were carried out at the test facility. The experiments were carried out by the method of steady states at the steam pressures of 0.35-0.36 MPa.

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It is reported that the WN gear has higher load capacity. Windhaven included the idea of the arc teeth perpendicular to the teeth trace in his patent application of WN gear. Maki has proven the validity of the principle of arc teeth perpendicular to the teeth trace by means of vector analysis. This study is related to the design, processing and measurement of the WN helical gear and spiral bevel gear with arc teeth perpendicular to the teeth trace.

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Background Arrhythmia is a major late complication in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, although a large-scale study has not been carried out in Japan. Methods and Results A nationwide multicenter study with 512 operative survivors was performed. Actuarial survival rate at 30 years (maximum follow-up) was 98.4%. Fifty-four patients (10.5%) had clinically important arrhythmias, including 23 patients with bradycardia caused by sick sinus syndrome or atrioventricular block (AVB). A patient with complete AVB (CAVB) without pacemaker implantation (PMI) died later. Two patients had sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and syncope was reported in 18 patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Atrial tachyarrhythmias were observed in 13 patients. Older age at operation was a risk factor for atrial fibrillation/flutter, longer postoperative survival duration for VA, and QRS duration >120 ms for VT. Perimembranous ventricular septal defect was related to CAVB. Right ventricular outflow patch was not a risk factor. Importantly, 60% of the subjects had QRS duration <120 ms. Conclusion The prevalence of serious arrhythmias is low in Japanese TOF patients as compared with the results from Western countries. CAVB without PMI and VT are the major risk factors for late morbidity and mortality. The excellent result could be related to the narrow QRS surgery. (Circ J 2004; 68: 126 - 130)

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Induction of prophage λ in ultraviolet light sensitive ruv mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 was studied. When the ruv⁺ thy (λ) strain was starved for thymine, a maximum induction occurred about 150min, whereas induction of the ruv thy(λ) strains reached the same level at about 90min. The number of infective centers in a ruv⁺tif (λ) strain reached a maximum at 60min the temperature was raised to 42°C, whereas a maximum induction was achieved at 45min in the ruv tif (λ) strains. These results suggest that the ruv mutations affect the process of prophage induction in thy auxotrophs and in tif strains.

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Saline soils of Ukraine, its genesis, features of distribution, areas and role in agricultural production are characterized. The main directions of saline soils research in Ukraine: on the basis of established patterns of development and distribution of soil processes and regimes, a regulatory framework for the monitoring of saline soils is created; agro-environmental criteria, parameters and diagnostics of saline soils are developed; it is developed a set of differentiated methods for the prevention or elimination of salinization and alkalinization of lands, management of their fertility. Conditions are formulated and activities are proposed, which are likely to rational and efficient use of saline soils in Ukraine. The analysis of the existing legislative, legal, regulatory and methodological, financial support of saline lands fertility management in Ukraine is given.

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Energy and environmental issues (including air pollution) are major global problems. However, in Azerbaijan, where oil industry is the main part of the economy, it is impossible to abandon hydrocarbon raw materials for energy and fuel production. Considering that the main consumers of fuel-energy resources and sources of air pollution are petrochemical plants and cars, one of the solutions is to modernize refinery, switch to energy-saving technologies, and improve the quality of fuels.

45 years of operation, some refinery units in Azerbaijan have exceeded their service life, and their energy efficiency is 2-3 times lower than the advanced technologies. The fuels’ quality meets domestic standards but not world standards. A 3-phase refinery modernization plan by introducing waste-free and eco-friendly technologies is being proposed. It will help upgrade products by bringing down benzene to ∼0.5 %, total aromatics to ∼15 %, and the sulfur content to 10 ppm, according to EU standards. modernization, the gasoline output will increase by 72 % (from 1.2 MMtpy up to 2.1 MMtpy, metric tons per year), and the total output of motor fuels will increase by 37 % (from 3.0 MMtpy up to 4.1 MMtpy). The company’s revenue will increase by exporting surplus of high-quality products.

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Objectives: Lead's (Pb(II)) possible role in intestinal pathologies of microbial etiology remains mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of lead on the gut microbial community and its interactions with rat intestinal epithelium. Methods: The lead-induced changes in different intestinal microbial groups (lactose-positive lac(+) and -negative lac(-) E.coli strains, lactobacilli and yeasts) were followed separately by the colony-forming unit (CFU) method. Samples were taken from outbred white rats subjected to different exposure schedules. Additionally, the impact of different lead doses on microbial adhesion to cultured intestinal cells (IEC-6) was investigated. Finally, the lead accumulation and distribution were measured by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: For the first time it was shown that oral lead exposure causes drastic changes in the gut microbial community. Proportional to the lead dose received, the relative number of lactose-negative E.coli cells increased dramatically (up to 1,000-fold) in comparison to the other microbial groups during 2 wk of exposure. Considering the number of microbes in the intestine, such a shift in intestinal microflora (dysbacteriosis) is very significant. Adhesion studies showed certain stimulating effects of lead on E. coli attachment to rat intestinal epithelium as compared to Lactobacillus attachment. Conclusions: The mechanisms providing the apparent competitive success of the lac(-) group are unclear but could be related to changes in surface interactions between microbial and host cells. This study may provide important clues for understanding the pathological effects of metal dietary toxins in human beings.

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