Schwannoma is a relatively rare, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that affects the oro-maxillofacial region. The peripheral nerve tissues are known to be closely related to vascular tissues from viewpoints of morphology and physiology. Therefore, the authors speculate that schwannoma of peripheral nerve origin is also associated with vascular tissues ; however, the histogenesis with regard to vasculature is not fully understood. The authors investigated the localization of the blood and lymphatic vessels in schwannoma using histopathological and immunohistochemical methodologies. The tumor parenchyma consisted of a proliferation of relatively long spindle cells with nuclear palisading (Antoni A type), diffuse spreading with myxoid or edematous background (Antoni B type), and encapsulation with fibrous tissue (capsular tissue). In one case, the tumor exhibited multicystic growth. Dilation and hyperplasia of the vessels were observed in the Antoni A and B zones, the border of the Antoni A and B zones (border zone), and capsular tissue. With periodic acid-Schiff reaction-alcian blue pH2.5 staining, the myxoid matrix in the Antoni was stained blue. Immunohistochemically, CD-34-positive blood vessels were found in all cases. The vessels were predominantly observed in the Antoni , and only moderately in the Antoni A zone, border zone, and capsular tissue. Four cases showed that D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels were mainly observed in the Antoni and capsular tissue, and only moderately in the Antoni A zone. In the other four cases, D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels were only indicated in the capsular tissue. In addition, positive immunoreactivity for D2-40 was found in the cyst-lining cells in the multicystic case. Microvessel density (MVD, numbers of blood vessels per unit area) was calculated for CD-34-positive blood vessels. MVD was 3.4±2.1 in the Antoni A zone, 6.0±1.7 in the border zone, 9.4±3.2 in the Antoni , and 2.7±1.0 in the capsular tissue. In addition, lymphatic vessel density (LVD, numbers of lymphatic vessels per unit area) was calculated for D2-40-positive vessels. LVD was 0.2±0.5 in the Antoni A zone, 2.7±3.5 in the Antoni , and 2.4±0.9 in the capsular tissue. These results suggest that the localization of the blood and lymphatic vessels was closely associated with the histogenesis of the Antoni in schwannoma, not only by the degeneration and over-expression of the myxoid matrix but also by the edematous change from circulation disturbance in the tumor tissues during benign tumor growth and development.

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患者発生の地域的波及拡大, 即ち, 逐域伝播現象に関する調査を, 昭和60年から61年のインフルエンザの流行期に九州本島で行った. 福岡県内の行政単位を基準とした36区域から成るパーソントリップ調査の集約Bゾーンで, 人の流動量と伝播速度 (人の流動量の増加に伴い発生月日も早くなるという傾向) の単相関係数は, B型インフルエンザ流行時に北九州市小倉北区を起点とした場合のr=-0.355 (n=33) と, A型 (H3N2) 流行時に本州方向及び北九州市戸畑区を起点とした場合のそれぞれr=-0.409 (n=30), r=-0.409 (n=24) が危険率5%で有意な相関であった. さらに, 人の流動量等を参考にしながら, 九州本島のB型及びA型 (H3N2) の流行期における, 学校施設の休校または学級閉鎖にともなうインフルエンザ様疾患発生報告を基にして, 等値線法により, インフルエンザの流行伝播の様子を地図上に描写する試みを行い, 広範囲の流行波及を視覚化した. 九州の南部と北部という地域的な面, そして, B型とA型 (H3N2) という流行ウイルス型的な面から, その流行伝播等値線のパターンに差異がみられた.

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ELF-MT survey was carried out in a study of geothermal structure of the Noya geothermal area, Oita Prefecture. ELF-MT method uses natural electomagnetic field in Schumann resonant frequency band from 8 to 20 Hz (3 frequencies). Resistivity maps were compiled from 37 sites at approximately 0.5 km spacing. Major low resistivity zones extended NE-SW direction along the Noya-Mizuwake fault. The lowest apparent resistivity zone, less than 25 ohm-m, is associated with the Noya hot springs and alteration zones. This zone (A-zone) is the most active geothermal zone in this studied area. Temperature log in the test hole 51-WT-2, drilled near the lowest resistivity zone, shows 110°C at 60m depth and 112°C at 700m depth. This indicates that hot water was stored within very shallow formation in this low resistivity zone. The extensive alteration zone (-) is located in 1 or 2 kilo-meters distant from the Noya hot springs, in the direction of Kodairadani. A high resistivity zone of more than 250 ohm-m is found in the center of , and is surrounded by low resistivity zones. The temperature log in the test hole 51-WT-1, drilled near this high resistivity zone, shows maximum temperature of 177°C at 700m depth (the bottom of the hole). High resistivity in the - may be caused by presence of dike rock or silicification. The apparent resistivity mapping by ELF-MT technique, thus, indicated clearly the two different typ of the geothermal zone in this area.

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Precipitation sequences of the age hardenable aluminum alloy composites are strongly affected by the dislocations generated during quenching from the solution treatment temperature. In this study, age hardening behavior of Al-4 mass%Cu and Al-4 mass%Cu-1.5 mass%Mg base composites reinforced with SiC whisker (SiCw) was investigated with micro-Vickers hardness measurement, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. SiCw/Al-Cu and SiCw/Al-Cu-Mg composites indicate a remarkable age hardening in spite of the suppression of the G.P. zone or G.P.. formation rate, and the age hardening rate is accelerated. In particular, age hardening of the SiCw/Al-Cu-Mg composite is larger than that of the unreinforced alloy. The precipitation process of the SiCw/Al-Cu composite is different from that of the unreinforced alloy. Many metastable θ′ phases (Al₂Cu) precipitate preferentially on dislocations in the matrix prior to G.P. zone and contribute for the age hardening of the composite, but the posteriorly formed G.P. zone still plays the most important role in the hardness increase. In the case of the SiCw/Al-Cu-Mg composite, the age hardness steeply increases with the formation of the G.P.. at the initial stage and decreases temporarily and then increases again due to the precipitation of a fine and high dense S′ (Al₂CuMg) phase.

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The Cretaceous granitic province of the Kitakami mountainland, northeast Japan, are arranged zonally on the basis of the field occurrences, petrography and petrochemistry. The names of the zones and their rock bodies are as follows:
An zone: Kuki, Taro, Oura etc.
: Hashigami, Tanohata, Miyako etc.
C zone: Hiraniwa, Sakai-no-kami etc.
D zone: Ichinohe, Himekami etc.
As zone: Hirota, Kinka-san etc.
E zone: Kurihashi, Goyo-san, Tono, Kesengawa, Hitokabe etc.
F zone: Orikabe, Ojika etc.
G zone: Tabashine, Rifu etc.
The variation of rock facies is remarkable in the C, D, F and G zones and distinct in the An and As zones. Rock bodies belonging to above six zones are small in size. On the other hand, granitic bodies in the B and E zones are large in size and poor in rock variety.
Petrochemically, Na₂O contents are higher than K₂O contents in the B and E zones and the great portion of the An, As, C and F zones. But, in contrast, K₂O contents in the D zone are higher than Na₂O contents. Total alkalies in the are poor and those in the D zone are rich.
Probably such three pairs as An and As, C and F, D and G belong to the same groups, respectively.

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The Kobe Steel has built a W. B.*-curvilinear type continuous casting machine at Kakogawa plant; this machine has a special indirect cooling system named W. B. in it's upper part of the secondary cooling zone.
Solidification constants, K's of this machine are as follows:
(i) Mold zone K_M=-29.8 (mm min^-1/2)
(ii) W. . K_W.B.=23.9 (mm min^-1/2)
(iii) Roller zone K_R=21.9 (mm min^-1/2)
An analytical simulation of cooling capacity has been made by a computer.
As a result, the average heat transfer coefficient of W. . is found about 320 kcal/m² hr°C, and the average heat transfer coefficient of W. B. is 360 kcal/m²hr°C when it contacts with the slab surface. The components of them are as follows:
(i) Radiation 270 kcal/m²hr°C
(ii) Convection (gas) 48 kcal/m² hr°C
(iii) Contact 42 kcal/m²hr°C
Concerning the quality of the product, the following characteristics are obtained:
(i) The slab is kept in good uniformity, so the error in the weight per unit length is within a 0.5% deviation.
(ii) The equiaxial crystal zone occupy about 30% of the slab width in a usual slab.
(iii) The centerline segregation is slight.
(iv) Few large inclusions can be found.

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Regarding to the chemical composition of alkali-amphiboles, the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks in the eastern part of the Kantô Mountains can be divided in the descending order into the following four zones:
A zone: Subglaucophane, riebeckite, magnesioriebeckite
: Glaucophane proper
C zone: Subglaucophane, riebeckite, magnesioriebeckite
D zone: Magnesioriebeckite (unstable)
In this paper, optical and chemical properties and modes of occurrence of the alkali-amphiboles are described in some detail.

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No electron microscopic research in the neural arch of the pedicle side, (i.e. the remnant laminae of the pedicle side), in patients with spondylolysis has previously been reported.
The purpose of this investigation is to elucidate the electron microscopic findings in parts of the defected neural arch compared with the findings of pseudoarthrosis of the tubular bone.
Results:
1) Macroscopically, the pedicle in the patient with spondylolysis was smaller than that of a normal subject, which was statistically significant (P. 0.005). The isthmus showed a tendency to taper in both the remnant and the mobile laminae.
2) In the conventional light microscopic specimens of spondylolysis obtained from both sides of the neural defected parts, three layers were identified; the fibrous connective tissue (Defective zone: D zone), the fibrocartilagenous tissue (Junctional zone: J zone), and the osseus tissue (Bony zone: ). No bone formation was shown in the D zone and fibrocartilagenous tissues were present in the J zone. Atrophied bone trabecula, an enlarged bone marrow canal, sclerotic change of the epiphysis, fibrous tissue and decreased fat tissue in the bone marrow were shown in the .
3) Under electron microscopic examination, the D zone of the mobile laminae showed sparsely distributed fibrous cells and a threedimensional crossing of fibrous bundle, formed by normal collagenous fibrils having 640Å periodicity.
4) In the J zone of the mobile laminae, the scattered cartilagelike cells were shown in the dense collagenous tissue. The cell was a different shape from the normal cartilage cell. These cells with many cytoplasmic processes possessed the PAM positive immature collagenous fibrils in lacunar space and released matrix vesicle-like bodies around the cell.
5) Osteocytic cells and fascicular dense collagenous tissue, corresponding to the laminar structure, were found in the of the mobile laminae.
6) Electron microscopic findings of D, J and B zones of the remnant laminae reveal identical pattern in the mobile laminae.
7) Pseudoarthrosis, macroscopically resembling the spondylolytic isthmus, consisted of D, J and B zones under a light microscope. Although the J zone was irregular in arrangement, osteosclerosis and bone marrow alterations were relatively slight.
8) Under electron microscopic observation of pseudoarthrosis, no outspoken findings were revealed in D and B zones. In the J zone, the following differences were seen in comparison with that of spondylolytic isthmus; (1) relatively narrowed lacunar space, (2) lack of immature collagenous fibrils, seen in lacunar space of spondylolysis, (3) presence of abundant micro filaments within the cytoplasm, (4) marked developed r-ER, (5) relatively increased cytoplasmic processes, (6) absence of a matrix vesicle-like body in the collagenous tissue, markedthickened collagenous fibrils, measuring up to 2, 000 to 2, 300 A in diameter in the collagenous tissue.
9) Based on the above observations, no significant differences between the mobile laminae and the remnant laminae of the pedicle side were obtained either microscopically or under light and electron microscopes. The morphology of matrix and cellular components showed distinct difference between the spondylolytic isthmus and pseudoarthrosis. In conclusion, it was assumed that spondylolysis is an interruption of the continuity of the isthmus in the neural arch with osseus dysplasia, and this might be exerted by a dynamic force during the development of the spinal curvature.

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Under the marine capture fisheries management in Malaysia, the marine fishing ground is zoned into four areas simply according to the distance from the seashore: zone A from the seashore (0) to 5 nautical miles (nm), zone B from 5 to 12 nm, zone C from 12 to 30 nm, and zone C2 of more than 30 nm. In addition, all fishing gear is classified as either commercial fishing gear of high catch capability or traditional fishing gear of comparatively low catch capability. Fishing gear classified as commercial gear is permitted to be operated only at sea. Further restrictions are imposed on the operation of trawl net and fish purse seine gear which are classified as commercial fishing gear. Namely, their operation is allowed exclusively at sea more than 5 nautical miles (nm) offshore, i.e. in zone , C and zone C2. Moreover, their operation onboard fishing boats of 40 to 70 GRT (Gross Registered Tonnage) is allowed exclusively from 12 nm offshore, i.e. in zone C and zone C2, while operation from boats of more than 70 GRT is allowed in fishing ground more than 30 nm offshore, i.e. only in zone C2. On the other hand, all kinds of fishing gear classified as traditional fishing gear can be operated in any fishing ground. Traditional gear is operated in lakes, rivers, estuaries and from coastal waters to further offshore, i.e. zone A, zone , C and zone C2. It has been proved that in the 1990's almost one fourth of the total marine catch from Peninsular Malaysia was derived from zone A, namely from the shallowest, narrowest and nearest fishing ground to the mainland. Consequently, this management system is perceived to be very appropriate for preventing overfishing of aquatic animal resources in coastal waters including zone A by fishing gear such as trawl net and fish purse seine gear of high catch capability, because coastal waters including zone A are considered to be fishing ground of extremely high productivity.

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血清中のアルカリ性ホスファターゼは,通常各種の臓器組織で産生された後,血液中へ移行することによってもたらされ,生化学的に異質な成分からなり,また,その電気泳動パターンは支持媒質の種類によって相違することが指摘されている.そこで,このような点に留意して分離能の優れた澱粉ゲル電気泳動法により,ヤギ血清アルカリ性ホスファターゼの遺伝的な変異を究明するために,その主要な成分について種々の阻害試験および電気泳動的な挙動による生化学的類似性を比較し,それらの成分の示す変異型の遺伝分析を試みた.その結果,本酵素は5つの活性zoneに分離され,主に易動度の速いA zoneとそれに付随して発現する傾向にある は,それぞれ,0.01M L-phenylalanine(阻害率45.0%, 46.5%), 0,05M L-lysine (57.8%,59.3%), 0.05M L-glutamic acid (61.8%,60.2%),0.001M sodium cyanide (39.0%,47.0%)および6M urea (42,7%, 47.1%)の各阻害剤の処理に対して同程度の感受性を示し,0.01M sodium taurocholate処理ではA zoneが より若干感受性が低かった(9.5%,15.8%).このような類似の阻害性を示すA, は,生化学的に同質の成分であると考えられた.さらに,これらの泳動域には2種類の変異型,Alp-F型およびAlp-O型,が認められ,前者は主としてA, を発現するもので,後者はその両方のzoneを欠き活性の検出されないものと,極めて淡く検出されるC zoneのみを示すものとであった.2つの変異型は,交配成績から単純な遺伝的支配を受け,これまでと同様に優劣関係にある一対の対立遺伝子(AlpFおよびAlpO)によって発現するものと思考された.また,血清ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼのアイソザイムパターンとは関連性の無いことが認められた.

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A single particle of coal char was gasified with CO₂/Ar atmosphere at the temperature of 1273 to 1773K. The pore structure and the ash properties in a gasified char particle were investigated.
Two kinds of reacting zone (B, C zone) were observed in the char. Primary gasification occurred in inner shell ( ) and the thickness of the shell decreased with temperature. The thickness of C zone which consists of ash and unreactive residue (carbon content is below 30 wt%) maximized at the temprature range of 1473 to 1573K. This suggests that the residue is surrounded by cohered ash or high viscous melting ash and that gasification reaction is prevented. Above 1673K, ash was completely melted and the thicknese of C zone, therefore, decreased. Small sphere ash particles were observed within unreactive char.

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Extracts from both Western X-diseased leafhoppers, C. montanus, and from celery were centrifuged on a density gradient column formed from successive layering 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, and 0.7 M sucrose in a complex buffer. Three zones, A, B, and C, were obtained. The percentage of leafhoppers infected by injecting material from zone A, B, and C, was 72, 85, and 65, respectively when using the leafhopper extract. No infectivity was detected in any zones from the celery extract.Thin sections of material from each of the zones were examined with the electron microscope. The large spherical electron transparent bodies, typical of Western X mycoplasmalike bodies found in diseased tissue, was most concentrated in the of the leafhopper extract.

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1. By zymograms of the polyacrilamide-gel electrophoresis, the new two zones, Af and Cs-zones were recognized in addition to the same three zones as A, B and C-zones which were reported by Rendel et al.
2. The frequencies of appearance of alkaline phosphatase Af, A, B, C and Cs were as follows:
(1)Af-zone was recognized in adult sheep only. The frequencies of appearance of Af-zone in a few populations were 0-40%, and a slight difference due to breeds was observed.
(2) A and C-zones were observed in all kinds of sheep.
(3) The frequencies of appearance of - were about 80%.
(4) Cs-zone was rarely observed in adult sheep only.
3. The intensities of A and B-zones in lamb were much stronger than those in adult sheep. Also, that of C-zone in lamb was much weaker than that in adult sheep.
4. B⁺ type is dominant to B^- type.
5. The symbols of the dominant and the recessive genes of phosphatase were named APase B and APase b, respectively.

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In the Chugoku zone in south-west Japan, ultra-basic bodies occur as "serpentine belt." The Komori Ultrabasic Mass is one of them and situated along the northern side of the Maizuru zone. It is lenticular in shape and has monoclinic structure, dipping steeply to the north. From the view point of the arrangement of rock facies and structure, four zones are recognized in the middle of the mass, from north to south. A-Zone: mainly dunite-I accompanying hornblendite -: mainly pyroxenite with small bodies of hornblendite C-Zone: mainly dunite-II with small bodies of diabase D-Zone: mainly gabbro-diabase These rock facies are cogenetic. The volume ratio of the rock facies in the mass is shown in Table 3. The difference between dunite-I and dunite-II were mainly caused during tectonic movement, prior to the granite intrusion. And "cleavable olivine" represents the sheared zones in the mass. The average chemical composition of the whole mass is estimated and shown in Table 4. It is peridotitic as a whole. Compared with "pyrolite model", Na2O, K2O and TiO2 are rather defficient in the mass.

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Opal phytolith analysis of the Kanto Loam Formation (the tephra layers) composed of the Shimosueyoshi Loam, the Musashino Loam, the Tachikawa Loam and the Kuroboku Soil (in ascending order) at Narimasu Geological Exposure, Itabashi, Tokyo, was carried out. Five local opal phytolith zones can be roughly distinguished. The Kuroboku Soil (A zone) was characterized by the dominance of Pleioblastus with Paniceae, suggesting a warm temperate climate. The Tachikawa Loam ( ) was dominated by Sasa, indicating a cool temperate climate. This zone was subdivided into two subzones, B₁ and B₂. Zone B₁, the upper part, contained more panicoid phytoliths than Zone B₂, the lower part. The Musashino Loam was divided into two zones, C and D, with the boundary between the two situated over the tephra TP (4.9×10⁴F.T.y.B.P.). Zone C was characterized by Pleioblastus, indicating a warm temperate climate, which may correspond to the Middle Pleniglacial in Europe. An increased number of Festuceae and Paniceae were found in zone D which probably means that zone D was in the cooltemperate to subarctic climate. This cold age is correlated with the Murodo Glacial Substage of Mt. Tateyama and the Lower Pleniglacial in Europe. The Shimosueyoshi Loam (zone E) contained much more weathered phytoliths than the other zones. The vegetation at E zone, therefore, unfortunately could not be reconstructed.

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Bacillus megaterium MA-336を用いるAICA-riboside発酵においては,培養の間胞子が形成されると発酵は遅延し, AICA-ribosideの蓄積量は低下する.そこで胞子形成に対する酸素供給条件の影響を調べ,以下の知見を得た.
(1) 胞子形成は,最大増殖量のほぼ半分の生育量に達したときから(培養開始後8時間) 2時間の期間( )の酸素供給条件によって定まり,その前後の期間(A zone, C zone)の酸素供給条件は,胞子形成には影響を及ぼさなかった.
(2) では特に酸素充足率,すなわちbiological γ_ab/K_γMが1未満の範囲で胞子形成率が著しく低かった.最も高いAICA-riboside蓄積量が得られた酸素供給条件は, biologica1 γ_ab/K_γMが0.6ないし1未満となる範囲であった.
(3) A zoneおよびC zoneにおいては, biological γ_ab/K_γMが1となるような酸素供給条件に設定すれば,高いATCA-ribosideが得られることがわかった.

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Biologic responses implant materials; almina ceramic, hydroxyapatite, carbon ceramic and titanium, inserted in the mandible from 8 dogs and in the femur from 36 rabbits were examined with the use of routine histology, scanning electric microscope (SEM), X-ray microanalyzer (EMX) and micro X-ray diffraction. The materials from the 1, 2, 4, 8 and 20 weeks in the rabbits femur and from the 1 and 4 weeks in dogs mandible were tested to evaluate bone reactions which contacted the implant materials in the femur as well as tissue reaction in attached gingival epithelium of the mandible.
Histologically, new bone formation, which was in contact with both the implant materials almina ceramic and hydroxyapatite, was more prominent in comparison to titanium and carbon ceramic. Gingival tissues attached to the ceramics materials showed no foreign-body reaction without epithelial proliferation. Gingival reaction to inserted titanium reveals epithelial downgrowth with slight pocket formation. Implanted carbon ceramic materials into bone tissue show absorption from their surface and their adjacent bone structure showed no foreign-body reaction. Histological reactions to the ceramics into bone structures usually showed no marked inflammatory reaction and no reactive proliferation of connective tissue fibers. Concentrations of Ca and P-ions in the bone tissue which attached to the materials were higher than that in the normal bone with the X-ray microanalysis technique.
From the present study, almina ceramic and hydroxyapatite, as implanted materials, showed an excellent histologic reaction to bone and soft tissues.

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Aging phenomena of Al-(3, 4)wt%Cu-Mg alloys with various Mg contents up to about 2 wt%were investigated in the temperature range from 0°C to 150°C mainly by the electrical resistivity measurement. The specific heat measurement was also employed. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) In the case of aging at 0°C, the initial rate of resistivity increase (Δρ) in ternary alloys was suppressed compared with the binary alloy as Mg content increased. But the total amount of Δρ after prolonged aging was increased in ternary alloys with an increase of Mg content. In the case of aging at 50150°C, the initial rate in ternary alloys was, in contrast to that obtained at 0°C, enhanced substantially with increasing Mg content, so each of aging curves almost corresponded with that obtained at the later stage of 0°C aging. These interesting aging behaviors in ternary alloys were considered to be due to the nature of two kinds of G. P. zones (G. P._θ, G. P._B) and the ratio oftheir amounts which naturally varied with Mg contents. This means that the estimation of precipitation rate based on the rate of Δρ will be unreliable at least in such alloys in which two kinds of G. P. zones are formed.
(2) The amount of heat evolution associated with formation of G. was found to be considerably large, while that of G. P._θ zones was too small to be detected. The various results of specific heat measurements suggested that Δρ in ternary alloys was closely related to the formation and growth of G. P._B zones.

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