Over a very long period, Sulzer has further developed large Diesel engines step by step. While in earlier times the main target was an increased specific power, for the last decade the main efforts have been devoted to a reduction in the specific fuel consumption, in order to relieve the operators at least partly from the drastic increase in fuel price. A further step towards improved overall efficiency has been attained for low-speed engines by the introduction of the “superlong-stroke” design RTA, featuring a spectacularly low specific fuel consumption as well as optimally low propeller speed matching highly efficient propellers.
The development and design of the new engine series has been based on three major“pillars”, the immense service experience from predecessor two- and four-stroke generations, the full exploitation of the modern theoretical analysis means, as well as a comprehensive experimental programme with reduced-scale models, full size components and a four-cylinder test engine.
The first RTA-series engine began its trials for confirmation tests and final optimization in Japan at the end of 1982. The results obtained so far fully confirm the high thermal efficiency as well as the high safety level of all components. Sulzer is convinced that the RTA series will become another successful member of its well-reputated low-speed engine family, ensuring good reliability and high overall economy to their owners.

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Chuhachi Ninomiya had succeeded quite independently in flying a powered miniature aircraft 12 years in advance of the Wright ' success with "Wright Flyer". The miniature aircraft had wheels but the Wright ' airplane did not have them. Moreover, while the Wright ' airplane had two propeller blades, Ninomiya's aircraft had four propeller blades. Even though Ninomiya's aircraft was a miniature model, the originality and the flight results must be recognized as a big achievement. However, Ninomiya's name never appears in the aviation history of the world, and his name is hardly known in Japan compared with the Wright . In this research, his development of the miniature aircraft, the possibility of a real airplane, and the evaluation of Ninomiya by future generations were examined.

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Hypolastic leukemia in is reported.
First case, a 54-year-old man admitted to our hospital in July, 1974 because of general fatigue and palpitation. There was no hepatosplenomegaly and no bleeding tendency. Blood counts revealed white cell count of 1,300 with 23% neutrophils and 75% lymphoid cells. The hemoglobin was 5.6 g/dl. The bone marrow was quite hypocellular with about 20% myeloblasts with very fine chromatin, prominent nucleoli and no Auer body. A diagnosis of hypoplastic myeloid leukemia was made. The patient was treated with blood transfusions and protein anabolic steroid. In the fourty admission for bloodtansfusion, fever and hematomesis suddenly occurred. He died of pneumonia and bleeding of stomach in May, 1975.
Second case, a 56-year-old man, his younger brother, was admitted in February, 1980 because of anemia. The liver edge was felt 1.5 cm below the costal margin, but the spleen was not palpable. There was no lymphoadenopathy and no bleeding tendency. Blood counts revealed white cell count of 1,500 with 32% neutrophils and 62% lymphoid cells. The hemoglobin was 9.2 g/dl. The bone marrow was quite hypocellular with about 20% myeloblasts with very fine chromatin, prominent nucleoli and no Auer body. This finding was very similar to those of the first case. A diagnosis of hypoplastic myeloid leukemia was made. He was treated with blood transfusions. In the seventh admission for blood transfusion in July, 1982, the bone marrow was normocellular with 75% myeloblasts. But his peripheral blood was not changed. Inspite of chemotherapy-vindesin, cyclophosphamide, plednisolone-, he was dead of sepsis of Candida in November.
These two cases were very similar in aspects of age, sex, chief complaints, bone marrow findings, peripheral blood counts, and clinical course.

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The concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum was measured in 20 or sons in 10 families in which the father and son or had prostate cancer using the E test TOSOH IIPA. The patients were between 32 and 70 years old with a mean age of 48.2 years. The PSA value was between 0.4 and 19.5 ng/ml with a mean value of 3.4 ng/ml. Five patients (25%) had PSA values exceeding the cut-off value of 4.0 ng/ml. After obtaining their consent, systematic prostate needle biopsy by transrectal ultrasonography was performed on 3 patients (15%). Prostate cancer was detected in all of them. Among them 2 patients were , and since the other two already had prostate cancer, all four were confirmed to have prostate cancer. This is the first report of a familial prostate cancer in four in Japan. In the western countries where the incidence of prostate cancer is higher than that in Japan, studies have been performed on the risk factors. Family history is one of the most important risk factors. In Japan, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing rapidly. Moreover, patients with a prostate cancer family history are expected to increase. In such cases, prostate cancer screening should be performed aggressively from a young age.

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　　This study aimed at clarifying sibling's views and their issues concerning their

and sisters with autistic disorders, the characteristics of their developmental features at each stage, and their recognition, and response to difficulties, in order to acquire the key to home-based supports for siblings. 43 siblings who had and sisters with autistic disorders were interviewed. As a result, as for sibling's views of their and sisters, “The way they are” based on their actions or character, and “their personality” were shown. As for sibling's matters concerning their and sisters, “the consciousness of others” such as others' looks and concern, “direct damage” such as physical attacks on them and breakage of personal belongings, “difficulties in coping” and “consideration” for their and sisters were shown. Moreover, it was suggested that as for developmental features, the school-age was a significant term during which the sibling's view of their and sisters changed. From the above, as home-based support, it is necessary to tell siblings suitable information about the actions and the characteristics of their and sisters, to pay attention to their trifling problems from an early stage, and to show them the methods to solve the problems they face.

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Pycnodysostosis was first described as an independent entity by Aoike (1954) and named by Marouteaux and Lamy (1962). This lesion is a hereditary and sclerosing bone disease characterized by dwarfism, open cranial sutures, peculiar facial profile and blunt mandibular angle.
In the present report, two cases of pycnodysostosis in two , aged 33 and 31, were studied. They had a history of multiple spontaneous fractures of lower extremities and their parents were first cousins. The elder (Case 1) was admitted to our hospital for treatment of pathological fracture of the mandible that may have been caused by severe osteomyelitis following the extraction of the left lower second molar. The patient was successfully treated by mandibulectomy and immediate reconstruction with A-O plate under antibiotic therapy.
In the patients with pycnodysostosis, a severe osteomyelitis in the jaws seems to easily happen after dental infection because of extreme bone density and abnormal dentition. This fact may indicate a necessity of careful dental treatment and surgery in the patients with sclerosing bone dysplasia such as pycnodysostosis.

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Single mothers have many social handicaps on daily living. They are highly likely to use social services than two parent families. Our survey was carried out through Big /Big Sisters of Greater St. Louis and Big /Big Sisters of Southwestern Illinois. Big /Big Sisters are organization which offer their services to one parent families, mainly to single mothers families. This article reports findings that indicate hesitation to make use social services on the part of poor single mothers. They also don't have enough information of private social services. Sliding scale system has little influence to those low income groups's motivation of using services. Moderate income groups have little confidence in public services, have more confidence in private services and self help group.

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We present a third reported case of intracranial germinomas occurring in two . They underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy after biopsy and are doing well for 10 years and 20 months, respectively. The pertinent literatures are reviewed, and the possible role of heredity in the pathogenesis of familial occurrence of germinomas is discussed.

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This paper develops a stochastic volatility model, which overcomes the Black-Scholes model tendency to overprice near at-the-money options and underprice deep out or in-the-money options. In contrast to the previous literature that assumes diffusion volatilities, this paper assumes that the volatility follows a Markov chain on a discrete state space. This intuitive approach has easier mathematics and, by taking limit, the diffusion results can be obtained. By generalizing the binomial model to the Markovian volatility model, a recursive pricing scheme is first developed, under a particular assumption on preference to the volatility dynamics, and then a continuous time result by taking limit. The both discrete and continuous models give general conditions under which the call value is increasing in the current volatility. Also, based on the local convexity and concavity of the Black-Scholes equation in volatility, we explain why the deficits of the Black-Scholes equation take place. Some numerical experiments are also given to support our results.

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A 38-year-old man (Case 1) suddenly collapsed while resting. His 54-year-old brother (Case 2) came soon thereafter began to perform cardiac massage and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. However, the elder brother suddenly died after resuscitating his younger brother for about 30 minutes. Necropsy revealed an occlusive thrombus of the left anterior descending coronary artery and coagulation necrosis of the myocardium in Case 1. Case 2 was diagnosed as sudden cardiac death on the basis of the moderate coronary sclerosis and myocardial lesions including contraction band, fragmentation, waviness, bleeding, and mild subendocardial fibrosis. Pulmonary edema in the both cases revealed the presence of left ventricular heart failure. Case 2 is a good example of the contribution of psychological and physical stress to sudden cardiac death.

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The Wright received the honor of being "the inventors of the airplane" by developing an airplane which really could carry a person. However, until their success, many people attempted to fly in the sky but all failed. However, two people were successful at flying a model airplane before the success of the Wright . If their development had continued, it is possible that their designs could have come into practical use as passenger aircraft and that the technology would have been passed on to their successors. Invention without practical implementation is worthless. However, generally only a small minority of inventions are put to practical use. Here I will explore the conditions which lead to implementation of inventions, focusing on the case of model airplanes, and why these two inventions didn't achieve success.

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