In recent years, IT has come to be acknowledged as the cutting edge to change the current world, not only to change the global economy but also to change the world politics. Also, IT is regarded as key factor to change the internationasl society, spread the democracy all over the world, however, this common perception of IT is sometimes criticized as too bright. In fact, it is evident that IT revolution has also caused new types of moral hazard and harmed the benefits of our society. Such moral hazards are quite peculiar to IT revolution, especially to Internet technology or Space. In this aspect, those moral hazards could be called Moral Hazard. The typical type of Moral Hazard are Crime, Terrorism or War, and in the business area, information asymmetry causes lots of Moral Hazard. This study sets its focus on the characteristics and causes of Moral Hazard, and analizes the ethical issues peculiar to IT revolution.

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ethics is a branch of so-called applied ethics. In this paper we discuss the question of whether Internet technology introduces any unique ethical issues or not. We start our discussion examining a difference between physical space and space, then discuss how this difference is treated in Luhmann's theory of social system, in other words, what kind of difference in moral communication can be induced, and consider a difference between ethics in physical space and in space. In physical space, we can do all of what is not forbidden by the law of nature. On the other hand, in space we can do all of what is not forbidden by software constituting space. Of course, we can rewrite software and regulate any undesirable act which was possible formerly. In this case, neither law nor ethic is necessary for such a space. But, we cannot take all situations that can happen into account. Whenever a new act becomes possible, software needs revisions. There is no guarantee that revisions repeated many times do not contradict mutually. So, there will be room to exist ethical problems in space.

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As our daily lives and socioeconomic activities have increasingly come to depend on information systems and networks, the impact of disruptions to these systems and networks have also become more complex and diversified.

In urban areas, where people, goods, money, and information are highly concentrated, the possibility of chain failures and confusion beyond our expectations and experience is especially high.

The vulnerabilities in our systems and networks on have become the targets of

attacks, which have come to cause socioeconomic problems with increasing likelihood. To counter these attacks, technological countermeasures alone are insufficient, and countermeasures such as the development of professional skills and organizational response capabilities as well as the implementation of security schemes based on public-private partnerships (PPP) at the national level must be carried out as soon as possible.

In this JDR mini special issue on

Security, I have tried to expand the scope of traditional security discussions with mainly technological aspects. I have also succeeded in including non-technological aspects to provide feasible measures that will help us to prepare for, respond to, and recover from socioeconomic damage caused by advancing attacks.

Finally, I am truly grateful for the authors’ insightful contributions and the referees’ acute professional advice, which together make this JDR mini special issue a valuable contribution to making our society more resilient to incoming

attacks.

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Hokkaido Prefectural Police and NIT Tomakomai College signed a contract about student nurture in security field in 2018. After the contract, we have started collaborated security education. Hokkaido Prefectural Police has spoken to students about security, usage of social network service and security crime. In NIT Tomakomai College, some computer science and engineering course students developed and studied some contents related to security. In this paper, we report the security education in 2018 and 2019.

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-bullying is a serious problem in the Internet. The number of troubles by verbal abuse, libels using the Bulletin Board System or e-mail, is on the increase. Against this problem, there have been the two principal countermeasures in Japan; content-control software and education regarding the morals and use of the Internet at an elementary school, a junior high school, or a high school. However, -bullying occurs not only to minors but also to adults. In such cases, the countermeasures are not effective. Therefore, in this paper we survey the countermeasures and discuss problems when they are applied to the -bullying of adults.

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It seems that wars in the 21st century are mainly in the form of Warfare rather than a more conventional style of confrontation. Warfare breaks out without declaration. Therefore, under the current Japanese legal system it is difficult to prevent Warfare, which is fought in the lawless zone called Cyberspace. If there were any legal regulations, such as international treaties, these laws would be broken easily with the new technology that is available. This paper tries to analyze how different nations tackle Warfare and how Warfare could be interpreted legally. It also makes several how suggestions on the Japanese defense policy against Warfare.

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A -character is a kind of artificial life inhabiting a virtual world. To be a life form in the virtual world, characters need sensors and control systems. The sensor system enable the character to recognaize not only the virtual world but also the real world in such a manner that it can respond to user's commands. The control system provides the character with life-like behavior by generating goals and plans, selecting appropriate actions, and finally by animating the character. Users may feel the character to be alive because of its close interaction and smart performance. In this paper, a -character system designed to prove users with a realistic feeling of an artificial life is discussed.

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Internet Technology made unified global space in our world. E-business in space has diffused rapidly. Virtual company is one of the models of organizing in space. In needs organizing infrastructure for virtual company generally to realize. That infrastructure is McDonaldization in space. McDonaldization means diffusion of some institutions for exchanging actions in society through efficiency, possibility of calculate, possibility of forecast, and control. Recent emergencies of some business models in space will contribute McDonaldization and eventually make easy for constructing virtual companies.

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The 21st century will see the formation of a " society" that, while separate from the real world, will cooperate with it, leading to the further expansion and development of world society. society allows the formation of virtual space through the connection of multiple computers in a network. In this virtual space, multiple users can communicate with each other and can collect and exchange information while moving about freely and engaging in activities. Three main technologies are vital to the construction of the society : platform technology for converting multimedia information to optical signals and performing digital processing and communication processing on such signals ; communications network technology for transferring these signals from one point to another ; and application technology for configuring the society that will be formed on this network. This paper describes platform technology and network technology with an emphasis on their relationship to application technology for configuring the society, and will also discuss interSpace, one of the society platform system of the society.

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In recent years, the increasing prominence of -attacks has highlighted the critical need for enhanced security in industrial control systems and mobility network systems. These systems, responsible for controlling production lines and plants, are becoming primary targets for threats. In this paper, we propose a method to maintain the stable operation of control systems when -attack anomalies are detected, while simultaneously preventing the spread of damage based on the detected anomalous activities. By integrating real-time anomaly detection with dynamic network zoning, our method aims to promptly detect and isolate any malicious activities or unauthorized devices in the network. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our anomaly detection method using security units through experiments in an evaluation environment simulating an industrial control system field network. Furthermore, we show that the implementation of dynamic zoning can effectively mitigate the impact of potential attacks. Our research contributes a robust security solution designed with the unique characteristics and requirements of control systems in mind, offering a promising direction for future advancements in the field.

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Convergence between and physical spaces is accelerating due to the penetration of various ubiquitous services based on sensors and actuators. Effective sensors such as ultra low-cost wireless sensors, smart phones and pads allow us to couple real objects, people, places, and environment with the corresponding entities in the space. Similarly, soft sensors such as blog, facebook, twitter, foursqure and other applications create new types of sensed data for -physical coupling. for In this paper, we describe sensor enabled -physical coupling for creating ubiquitous services in the SenseCampus project. We first classify -physical coupling and ubiquitous services in the project. Several ubiquitous services, such as SensingCloud, DIY smart object services, Twitthings, Airy Notes, and Mebius Ring, are described. We then address the challenges in -physical coupling for creating advanced ubiquitous services particularly for educational facilities.

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Convergence between and physical spaces is accelerating due to the penetration of various ubiquitous services based on sensors and actuators. Effective sensors such as ultra low-cost wireless sensors, smart phones and pads allow us to couple real objects, people, places, and environment with the corresponding entities in the space. Similarly, soft sensors such as blog, facebook, twitter, foursqure and other applications create new types of sensed data for -physical coupling. for In this paper, we describe sensor enabled -physical coupling for creating ubiquitous services in the SenseCampus project. We first classify -physical coupling and ubiquitous services in the project. Several ubiquitous services, such as SensingCloud, DIY smart object services, Twitthings, Airy Notes, and Mebius Ring, are described. We then address the challenges in -physical coupling for creating advanced ubiquitous services particularly for educational facilities.

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security has become one of the primary topics in today's networked society. security, or information security, is about assuring confidentiality, integrity and availability of information resources, and attackers try to break them in various fashions. In this article, basic concepts about security are presented, and primary threats, such as breach of secrecy, denial-of-service attacks and targeted -attacks, and countermeasures, such as encryption and access control, are discussed.

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security knowledge and operational skills for computer utilization are essential for engineers in today’s society. In KOSEN that aims to train engineers, the implementation of college-wide security education is a crucial issue. In fiscal year 2020, the authors held two security education lectures for students in order to raise students’ awareness of security at NIT Yonago College. The lectures included not only the classroom lectures but also practical cyberattack and defense exercises using real intrusion tools. This paper reports an overview of the security education by students, the developed teaching materials, results of the questionnaire analysis to participants, and future prospects and issues.

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In Korea, with the rapid spread of the Internet, " violence" has been a social problem such as the spread of a falsehood, revealing of a real name and personal information on the Net. The suicide of a famous actress in October 2008 caused by violence led the Korean government to propose "a contempt charge" that imposed a severe punishment of a slander on the Internet. In this paper, based on the investigation of socio-cultural background of violence in Korea and the trend of law development by the Korean government, the author examines the propriety of the contempt charge. Furthermore, on the basis of consideration of the recent court cases of libel on the Internet in Japan, the author proposes a recommendation of the method for protecting the freedom of speech on the Net from the viewpoint of "information ethics".

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Industrial control systems (ICS) have hidden vulnerabilities that cannot be usually solved by IT security tools, because of their 24 h 365 d non-stop, non-update and non-patch operation. There is, however, very limited report of -attacks, so that owners of critical infrastructures do not have much attention for their ICS protection. This is a kind of misunderstanding of the current situation caused by a lacking of capability to detect a -intrusion. In order to apply an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), it is difficult to make the complete white list of communication packets, and it is also difficult to perform anomaly detection by checking the payload of packet one by one. This paper defines characteristics of communication in the ICS network and proposes a methodology to visualize the ICS network behavior. An illustrative example of pseudo -attack is also prepared for understanding our proposed method.

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To improve and augment elementary school level computer-based education classes, we developed a new educational support tool named Theater and the script language named Theater Scenario Language (CTSL). Theater enables to produce the 3DCG animation easily, which includes virtual actors who can speak by using speech synthesizer, virtual stages, stage parts, sound effects, and the background music. The scenario of animation story can be written by using CTSL. CTSL is a Tag-based hypertext language like the HTML language. At first, we developed several 3DCG animations stories for children. As a result of this work, we integrated the 3DCG contents (Actors, Stages, and Stage parts) to the database named Theater gallery. By using Theater, CTSL, and Theater gallery, we designed the Creative Lesson, where upper-aged pupils (including junior high school and high school) studied how to make a 3DCG animation and produced their original animation stories as their short presentation. Moreover, as a teaching material of Creative Lesson, we have developed the CTSL Learning Kit (CLKit), which includes several sample scenarios written by using the CTSL. It is designed for learning how to make a 3DCG animation step by step. In this paper, we report the design details of Theater, CTSL, the results of Creative Lesson's experiment, and the CLKit.

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