As a method of evaluating the wheel temperature of running railway vehicles, slip ring is required in the rotating portion in a general thermocouple method. In addition, it is necessary to keep a distance from the friction surface. Further, there are restrictions such as not being able to make a measurement hole in the wheel tread. On the other hand, thermo-camera is vulnerable to vibration, which is expensive and difficult to mount. Therefore, in this research, we constructed an ultra-compact thermo-camera system that can be mounted on vehicles or bogies, and devised an evaluation method for the wheel temperature of running railway vehicles, which was difficult in the past.

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The OPCPA/Ti:sapphire hybrid laser system (named J-KAREN-P laser system) is an infrastructure aiming to realize experiments achieving 1022 W/cm2 at 0.1 Hz. 63 J broadband pulse energies at 0.1 Hz, 30 fs compressed pulse duration, and ~1012 contrast on a sub-nanosecond time scale have been demonstrated. Ultra-high intensities of 1022 W/cm2 by focusing a wave-front corrected 0.3 PW laser beam with an f/1.3 off-axis parabolic mirror can be provided with this system. The fundamental processes of laser-matter interaction at 1022 W/cm2 intensities belong to an absolutely new branch of science that will be the principal research task of the infrastructure.

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High conversion effi ciency of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifi cation (OPCPA) is demonstrated

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Optical parametric amplification (OPA) has opened a path towards a completely new regime of

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Turning over in bed, especially turning over at night, is a vital human unconscious behavior. Clinically, this movement disperses pressure between the body and bed, thus preventing bedsores. Several devices, such as acceleration and pressure sensors, can count turning overs automatically; however, they often require installation on the patients or in the bed. The simplest and noninvasive method to count turning overs is to record and count on video images, but this method cannot protect privacy. Images obtained using thermal sensors have been used to protect privacy; however, there are no reports of counting turning overs automatically using low-resolution sensors. We developed a novel device equipped with four low-resolution thermal sensors, with each sensor recording only an 8×8-pixel thermal image. The original data can protect patient privacy because the resolution is only ~28.8×28.8 cm per body, which is the lowest resolution compared to previous reports using thermal images. Using four sensors simultaneously enables us to collect sufficient data for automatic identification. We first used the bilinear interpolation method employed in a previous report to count turning overs; however, the results were unsatisfactory because turning overs produced extremely subtle changes in the original data compared with postural changes such as falls. After several attempts, we finally developed a unique identification program that interleaved all data from four sensors and then identified turning overs using residual neural network-18. Using the new system, the accuracy, recall, and precision of counting turning overs in bed improved to approximately 90% with an acceptable computation load in an experiment conducted on volunteers. This study demonstrated the feasibility of our device to count turning overs in clinical settings by the new identification program using four 8×8-pixel thermal images per frame, which have sufficiently low resolution to protect patient privacy.

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For the wet cleaning of silicon surfaces, a few new reactants, such as ozone dissolved in UPW, have been proposed to replace the original RCA process using H₂O₂ solutions. In the present work we describe, for the first time, the mechanism of silicon surface oxidation by dilute solutions of elemental chlorine. Upon reaction with this highly oxidizing agent, the open circuit potential shifted immediately to positive values, the effect being identical for both n- and p-type Si substrates. The surface transformation was firstly investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which showed successive semicircles representing RC equivalent circuits, revealing a gradual growth of an insulating layer. XPS recordings demonstrated unequivocally the formation of a pure and uniform chemical oxide layer, the possible contamination by Cl element being negligible. The analysis of the charge transfer reaction by voltammetry led to the conclusion that the exchange between the semiconductor and the solution involved positive holes. The reduction current, at a negative bias potential, was extremely small with p-type Si as a consequence of a depletion layer appearance. On the contrary, in n-type substrates, an accumulation region was formed, so that the electric field, as high as 10⁷ V cm^-1, will promote a conduction mode through the insulating oxide layer. This novel technique of surface treatment seems promising with respects to the economy and environmental requirements, and also for the possible subsequent growth of multi-layer high-k dielectric structures.

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Lichtenbaum has conjectured (Ann of Math. (2) 170(2) (2009), 657-683) the existence of a Grothendieck topology for an arithmetic scheme X such that the Euler characteristic of the cohomology groups of the constant sheaf Z with compact support at infinity gives, up to sign, the leading term of the zeta function ζ_X(s) at s = 0. In this paper we consider the category of sheaves X_L on this conjectural site for X = Spec(Ο_F) the spectrum of a number ring. We show that X_L has, under natural topological assumptions, a well-defined fundamental group whose abelianization is isomorphic, as a topological group, to the Arakelov-Picard group of F . This leads us to give a list of topological properties that should be satisfied by X_L. These properties can be seen as a global version of the axioms for the Weil group. Finally, we show that any topos satisfying these properties gives rise to complexes of étale sheaves computing the expected Lichtenbaum cohomology.

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　本研究では，黄鉄鉱の酸化が進行しCd溶出が促進される条件における高炉水砕スラグによる掘削土砂の酸性pHの中和，Cd溶出抑制機構の解明を試みた．高炉スラグ未添加の掘削土砂のpH，Cd溶出量は，それぞれ経時的に低下あるいは増加した．高炉スラグを7.5wt%, 25wt%添加することで，90日間の掘削土砂のCd溶出量を0.05mg/kg未満に抑えられ，掘削土砂のpHをそれぞれ中性，アルカリ性で維持できた．高炉スラグの添加によって掘削土砂中の黄鉄鉱の酸化反応に変化はなかった．高炉スラグを添加（25, 50wt%）しても一軸圧縮強さは，未添加と違いはなかった．中性pHで高炉スラグに収着されたCdの90%以上は，中性からアルカリ性pHにおいて脱離されなかった．高炉スラグは，黄鉄鉱を含む掘削土砂の再利用化に向けた混合資材として利用できることが見出された．

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The main purpose of this work is to generalize the 𝑆³_𝒘 Sasaki join construction 𝑀 ⋆_𝒍 𝑆³_𝒘 described in the authors' 2016 paper when the Sasakian structure on 𝑀 is regular, to the general case where the Sasakian structure is only quasi-regular. This gives one of the main results, Theorem 3.2, which describes an inductive procedure for constructing Sasakian metrics of constant scalar curvature. In the Gorenstein case (𝑐₁(𝒟) = 0) we construct a polynomial whose coeffients are linear in the components of 𝒘 and whose unique root in the interval (1, ∞) completely determines the Sasaki–Einstein metric. In the more general case we apply our results to prove that there exists infinitely many smooth 7-manifolds each of which admit infinitely many inequivalent contact structures of Sasaki type admitting constant scalar curvature Sasaki metrics (see Corollary 6.15). We also discuss the relationship with a recent paper of Apostolov and Calderbank as well as the relation with K-stability.

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This paper describes a generalisation of the methods of Iwasawa Theory to the field F_∞ obtained by adjoining the field of definition of all the p-power torsion points on an elliptic curve, E, to a number field, F. Everything considered is essentially well-known in the case E has complex multiplication, thus it is assumed throughout that E has no complex multiplication. Let G_∞ denote the Galois group of F_∞ over F. Then the main focus of this paper is on the study of the G_∞-cohomology of the p^∞-Selmer group of E over F_∞, and the calculation of its Euler characteristic, where possible. The paper also describes proposed natural analogues to this situation of the classical Iwasawa λ-invariant and the condition of having μ-invariant equal to 0.
The final section illustrates the general theory by a detailed discussion of the three elliptic curves of conductor 11, at the prime p=5.

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