Direct functionalization of benzylic C–H bonds provides an attractive route to access valuable benzylic derivatives, but selective oxidation remains challenging due to overoxidation of the desired products. Herein, we report a new electrochemical strategy for the generation and utilization of benzyl triflates. In this study, benzyl triflates were successfully generated from two-electron oxidation of toluenes, and their formation was directly confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The anodically generated triflates were subsequently converted into benzylic ethers and thioethers. This approach suppresses overoxidation by generating cationic intermediates under nucleophile-free conditions, which can then be selectively transformed.
“Generation and Reaction of Benzyl Triflates by Anodic Oxidation of Toluenes” by Dr. Yosuke Ashikari et al. is selected as an Editor’s Choice. This study presents a highly original electrochemical strategy that enables the selective generation and utilization of benzyl triflates via the anodic two-electron oxidation of toluenes. By conducting the oxidation at −78 °C in a divided H-type cell, the authors successfully accumulated benzyl triflates as stable benzyl-cation equivalents, a species directly confirmed for the first time by low-temperature NMR analysis. Subsequent reactions with alcohols, thiols, and amines proceeded smoothly to afford benzylic ethers and thioethers under mild, activator-free conditions, effectively suppressing the overoxidation issues inherent to conventional benzylic C–H functionalization.This work offers a valuable and innovative platform for C–H bond functionalization using electrochemically generated cationic intermediates.
The shift towards low-carbon hydrogen via water electrolysis using renewable electricity is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across various industrial sectors. Asahi Kasei, a Japanese chemical company, has leveraged its extensive chlor-alkali electrolysis expertise to develop and demonstrate a large-scale alkaline water electrolysis system, the “Aqualyzer.†” This paper provides an overview of the core technologies developed for Aqualyzer, including advanced electrolysis components, dynamic control methods, and system simulation technologies. It also details the key test and demonstration facilities, specifically the 10 MW-class system deployed at the Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R) and the alkaline water electrolysis pilot test plant comprising four modules in Kawasaki, Japan.
“Development and Demonstration of Large-scale Alkaline Water Electrolysis System ‘Aqualyzer’” by Yasuhiro Fujita et al. is selected as an Editor’s Choice. The paper presents an outstanding achievement in developing and demonstrating the large-scale alkaline water electrolysis system. Building on the company’s long-standing expertise in chlor-alkali electrolysis, the authors establish an integrated system that combines advanced cell components with sophisticated control and simulation technologies. The cover photograph features the newly constructed alkaline water electrolysis pilot test plant at Asahi Kasei’s Kawasaki Works, supported by the NEDO “Green Innovation Fund” adopted in 2021, and in operation since May 2024. Together with the 10 MW-class system at the Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field (FH2R), these developments demonstrate remarkable technological maturity and industrial readiness. Furthermore, the integration of dynamic pressure control, reverse-current suppression, and simulation-based optimization for hydrogen-cost reduction exemplifies a comprehensive engineering approach that bridges materials science and system design. This paper highlights Japan’s leading contribution to the global green-hydrogen initiative and serves as an excellent reference for the future realization of 100 MW-class electrolysis plants and a sustainable hydrogen economy.
A library of hundreds of metal oxide and metal sulfide photocatalysts has been constructed based on our original strategies of photocatalyst design that were metal cation doping, new valence band formation, and making a solid solution. Various single particulate and Z-scheme photocatalyst systems that are active in visible-light water splitting have been developed. By the doping strategy, SrTiO3:Rh,Sb and SrTiO3:Ir,Sb,Al of a single particulate metal oxide photocatalyst were developed for water splitting working under visible light irradiation. BiVO4 was developed for water oxidation to form O2 under visible light irradiation by the new valence band formation with Bi6s orbitals. Several types of a Z-scheme system have been constructed by using SrTiO3:Rh of a H2-evolving photocatalyst, BiVO4 of an O2 evolving photocatalyst, and a suitable electron mediator such as Fe3+/2+, Co(bpy)33+/2+, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT). A CuGaS2-ZnS solid solution photocatalyst was active for sacrificial H2 evolution, and it was able to be applied to a Z-scheme photocatalyst with BiVO4 of an O2-evolving photocatalyst for water splitting without any sacrificial reagents. Novel cocatalysts such as Ag and Rh-Ru were found for photocatalytic CO2 reduction using water as an electron donor. Ag/NaTaO3:Ba and Rh-Ru/NaTaO3:Sr photocatalysts gave 90 % and 10 % of an electron-based selectivity for the CO2 reduction to form CO and CH4 accompanied with stoichiometric O2 evolution even in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation, respectively. A Z-scheme photocatalyst consisting of CuGaS2-ZnS and BiVO4 was active for the CO2 reduction to form CO with 12 % of the selectivity under visible light irradiation in an aqueous suspension system.
“Development of Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis Aiming at Carbon Neutrality” by Professor Akihiko Kudo is selected as an Editor’s Choice as commemorated for the Society Award of Electrochemical Society of Japan (Takei Award). The authors liken chess pieces to the roles of photoelectrochemical catalysts. The three chess pieces hint at different “winning lines”: a straight thrust, a leap, and long-range coordination suggesting suitable crystal engineering for development of photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells with band engineering. In this light, they point to two strands of the work. One concerns material systems that combine visible-range absorption with efficient hole transport by creating a “new valence band,” exemplified by BiVO4 (Bi 6s) and SnNb2O6 (Sn 5s). The other concerns design approaches that steer photoexcited carriers in one direction through cascaded band alignment, including Z-scheme architectures such as the (CuGa)0.5ZnS2–BiVO4 couple for CO2 reduction with O2 evolution. Taken together, these motifs may be read as evoking a variety of “moves”: robust performance in single-phase materials and defect/doping control; the opening of new pathways through valence-band re-design; and, further, cascaded band alignment realized through solid solutions, heterojunctions, and electron mediators.
We propose an impedimetric biosensor using the bipolar phenomenon with an open bipolar electrode (oBPE). The oBPE platform offers a structurally simple and highly flexible design. The unique electrochemical biosensor consists of a BPE, driving electrodes for detection, and an electrolytic cell as its components. We employed non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to detect biomolecular events occurring on the BPE surface. The biosensor showed a 45 % increase in impedance at 2 kHz after bovine serum albumin adsorption onto the BPE surface. Additionally, the significance of solution resistance, which was uniquely defined by the distance between driving electrodes and a BPE, was demonstrated through changes in impedance. We used the detection system as an immunosensor to detect the binding of C-reactive protein (CRP) to antibody-modified BPE, based on changes in impedance. The biosensor detected the binding of CRP to antibody without the need for redox-active reagents or complex signal amplification steps. The biosensor showed a linear response to the concentration of CRP in the range from 0.001 to 1 µg/mL, comparable to that of conventional three-electrode systems. These findings demonstrate the potential of non-faradaic impedimetric biosensors with an oBPE for sensitive detection of biomolecular events in biochemical analysis.
“Non-faradaic Impedimetric Biosensing with Open Bipolar Electrode Platform” by Arisa Tochigi et al. is selected as an Editor’s Choice. In this work, the authors successfully demonstrated a flexible impedimetric biosensor based on the bipolar phenomenon using an open bipolar electrode (oBPE). oBPEs offer biosensing capabilities with a simple structure and wireless design, enabling compact and adaptable sensor configurations. They are particularly well-suited for non-faradaic impedance measurements, allowing label-free detection of biomolecular interactions without the need for redox reagents or complex signal amplification, supporting sensitive, cost-effective, and user-friendly biochemical analysis.
Thin film solar cells using halide perovskite polycrystals as semiconductors are entering the stage of factory production after their power conversion efficiencies have rapidly improved to 27 %, reaching a level comparable to the highest efficiency of single-crystalline Si solar cells. To ensure stable high efficiency and long device life, further studies on the photovoltaic performance are focused on molecular level improvement of hetero junction interfaces for efficient charge transports. Among inverted p-i-n junction devices which are becoming a major structure in the perovskite photovoltaics, the device using SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) in place of hole transport layer has succeeded in obtaining high efficiencies equivalent to conventional n-i-p devices, Interface molecular engineering, including SAM-based modified interfaces, is essential for reducing charge recombination loss and enhancing photovoltage in power generation. This paper presents research progress on interface engineering for high voltage device performance and our recent efforts to design new structures of perovskite solar cell with SAM-modified hetero-junction interfaces.
“Advances of Perovskite Solar Cells: Interface Engineering to Achieve High Photovoltage Performance” by Prof. Tsutomu Miyasaka et al. is selected as an Editor’s Choice for the 72nd Special Feature, “Research Frontiers of Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion and Photocatalysis” recommended jointly by the guest editors from The Photoelectrochemistry Research Group and the editorial board. It synthesizes and advances a rapidly industrializing field: halide-perovskite thin-film photovoltaics now achieving 27% power conversion efficiency, rivaling single-crystalline Si. The authors present compelling evidence that interface molecular engineering—especially SAM-modified heterojunctions in inverted p-i-n architectures—delivers efficiency on par with conventional n-i-p devices and lead to cost reduction with simplified layer structures. The work combines clear mechanistic insight with practical design rules and proposes new device structures directly relevant to scalable manufacturing and long-term stability. Its originality, rigor, and translational impact make it an outstanding contribution worthy of recognition. This cover art was created and published with financial support from The Electrochemical Society.
Cyclic Voltammetry Part 1: Fundamentals
公開日: 2022/10/31 | 90 巻 10 号 p. 102005
Hirohisa YAMADA, Kazuki YOSHII, Masafumi ASAHI, Masanobu CHIKU, Yuki KITAZUMI
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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Part 1: Fundamentals
公開日: 2022/10/31 | 90 巻 10 号 p. 102007
Kingo ARIYOSHI, Zyun SIROMA, Atsushi MINESHIGE, Mitsuhiro TAKENO, Tomokazu FUKUTSUKA, Takeshi ABE, Satoshi UCHIDA
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Electrical Conductivity Measurement of Electrolyte Solution
公開日: 2022/10/31 | 90 巻 10 号 p. 102011
Minoru MIZUHATA
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Electrode Potentials Part 1: Fundamentals and Aqueous Systems
公開日: 2022/10/31 | 90 巻 10 号 p. 102001
Kazuhiko MATSUMOTO, Kohei MIYAZAKI, Jinkwang HWANG, Takayuki YAMAMOTO, Atsushi SAKUDA
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