Domain patterns in Au₃Cu have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. Samples were quenched from 800°C and subsequently annealed at temperatures between 100°C and 165°C for various periods of time. The electron microscopic observations are correlated with measurements of the electrical resistivity.

抄録全体を表示

Recent developments of high-resolution electron microscopy open possibilities of the direct observation of atomic images in metals and alloys. First, early studies of lattice fringe imaging of alloy structures, i.e. long period antiphase domain structure, periodic stacking variant, partially ordered structure, spinodal decomposition and Guinier-Preston zone, are surveyed. Current efforts on many-beam imaging of superstructure alloys and intermetallic compounds are reviewed. Putting emphasis on the applications of 1 MV electron microscopy, means of the interpretation of the structure images of perfectly and imperfectly ordered alloys are presented with some examples.

抄録全体を表示

Electrochromic (EC) type e-paper is attracted with colorfulness and clearness. We have been researching and developing the material for EC type e-paper. We developed novel EC Polymers for e-paper. Our EC polymers are kinds of conductive polymers (CP). CP has some characteristics. One is electrochromism, and the other is electrochemical polymerization. Electrochromism of CP has a good memory effect. And electrochemical polymerization is suitable for printable electronics, for instance, ink-jet, screen print, and so on. Our EC polymers are comprised with thiophene derivatives and pi-conjugated X unit. To our knowledge, this thiophene derivatives are novel structure for EC polymers. These EC polymers have the electrochromic characteristic which change from coloration state to clear state. And we can adjust the color which we want by changing only X unit. And we made segment matrix EC display with our EC polymers by ink-jet printing. Our EC polymers are suitable for printable electronics, flexible substrate, and roll-to-roll process. We introduce our developing technologies.

抄録全体を表示

The effects of adrenalectomy, ether-laparotomy stress and in vivo administration of either ACTH or dexamethasone on the cAMP levels in the anterior pituitary and the adrenal glands were investigated in male rats. After adrenalectomy or ether lanarotomv stress, an increase of the pituitary cAMP levels was observed. A prior administration of dexamethasone failed to inhibit the increase of the pituitary cAMP levels. Acute administration of dexamethasone increased the cAMP levels in the pituitary. Chronic administration of dexamethasone decreased the cAMP levels in the pituitary, but ACTH did not. These data suggest that cAMP might be involved in the mediation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.

抄録全体を表示

The effect of heating conditions on the crust color formation was investigated during the baking of white bread. The surface temperatures were monitored with thermocouples attached to the inside surface of the loaf pan cover. The trace of the surface color in the L^*a^*b^* color coordinate system is defined as the characteristic coloring curve. The overall baking process was classified into the following four stages based on the characteristic coloring curve: i) pre-heating (surface temperature < 110 °C), ii) Maillard reaction (110–150 °C), iii) caramelization (150–200 °C), and iv) over-baking (surface temperature>200 °C). A linear relationship was observed between the L^* decrease and the increase in weight loss of a sample at each oven air temperature. The L^* value appeared to be suitable as an indicator to control the surface color by baking conditions.

抄録全体を表示

醤油中にはジペプチドとして幾つかのX-Proが認められている。ペプチドのアミノ末端よりX-Proを特異的に遊離させるX-プロリルジペプチジルーアミノペプチダーゼ (XPAP) を筆者は麹菌から初めて見出した。またこの酵素は熟成の呈味形成に大きく関与することも明らかにした。本酵素の作用機作と呈味形成の役割を詳しく解説いただいた。

抄録全体を表示

Spherical carbonate concretions are commonly observed in marine clayey sedimentary strata and often contain well preserved fossils. Previous studies revealed that the spherical concretions are formed by the very rapid reaction with decomposed organic matter from inside and Ca²⁺ ion of seawater. However, the detailed mass transport process during concretion formation has not been completely understood. Here two different size of spherical concretions, cm size of tusk-shell concretions and metre size of Moeraki boulders, are re-examined to understand the diffusion oriented formation process. Field observations, and detailed mineralogical (XRD) and geochemical analyses (SXAM, XRF, δ¹³C) revealed diffusive transport of HCO₃⁻ from decaying organic matter and Ca²⁺ from surrounding pore-water of marine origin led to solid carbonate precipitation reactions that progressed from the margin of a concretion. Based on the compositional gradients across the concretions, a diffusion based diagram has been applied to estimate the growth rates of the different size of spherical concretions. The process and rate estimation indicate that even gigantic spherical concretions can form quite rapidly in the muddy matrices under a diffusion-controlled transport regime.

抄録全体を表示

This work proposes a novel framework for realizing inspection automation through a human-in-the-loop machine-learning paradigm. Central to the robotic inspection system, a mixed-reality device is adopted, which interfaces human inspectors, civil structures, and robotic vehicles. We describe conceptually how to collect level-of-detail operational data to train a robotic vehicle, which shadows the inspection process in real-time and learns to realize automatic inspection. Among the different types of operational data, 3D models are essential in navigation, exploration, and damage mapping in complex structural spaces. We focus on the 3D model assessment resulting from the online visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) process. Important findings include that 3D model generation can be staged and registered. The quality of 3D models is comparable to an offline image-based generation process, namely, structure-from-Motion (SFM), when a quick-motion operation is conducted. We remark that such online 3D model generation can be comprehensively exploited in training robots for real-time structural exploration, damage detection, quantification, and ultimately integrating with building information modeling.

抄録全体を表示

Quality evaluation is a very challenging problem in the bakery industry, and, consequently, much time and attempts are spent on the techniques to address quality control. The quality evaluation and authentication of the bakery products is considered according to the knowledge on many food quality indicators like flavor. To deal with this new necessity, biomimetics or human sense inspired technologies, has been emerged. Hence, in order to provide and maintain an appropriate quality for the consumer demand, bakery technologists require reliable instruments for the determination of the quality of their products. Electronic nose, an innovative measurement system mimicking olfaction, has attracted much interest. This paper presents some key aspects on the motivation for the development and use of electronic nose in the bakery industry. Its applications, challenging problem, future trend and perspectives are discussed as well.

抄録全体を表示

This paper will make an empirical inquiry into morphological conversion in English, especially the V-forming type, and will argue that the categorial change involved in this process can best be analyzed using the notion of relisting (Lieber (1992, 2004, 2005)). Relisting is a type of listing process in the lexicon, and it will be shown that it can deal with the directionality of conversion, its word-basedness, its various lexical properties, the variety of its input and output categories, the strong restriction against conversion from suffixed words, and the non-uniformity of the conversion output. We will also suggest that the relisting approach is appropriate not only for categorial but also for semantic aspects of conversion.

抄録全体を表示

幼児の仮名文字の読みの正答率に影響する文字側の諸要因を検討した。清音文字，濁音文字，半濁音文字の正答率のデータは3–5歳の183名のデータを用い，拗音表記の正答率のデータは3–6歳の277名のデータを用いた。検討した要因は，（1）文字別の出現頻度，（2）字形の複雑さ，（3）五十音図の掲載順，（4）母音，（5）類似文字の有無，（6）濁音規則の例外，であった。文字種ごとに，文字別の正答率を目的変数，各要因を説明変数とした重回帰分析を行った。清音文字については，（6）を除く要因を検討した結果，五十音図の掲載順要因が有意であり，出現頻度，類似文字の有無が有意傾向であった。濁音文字については，（1）～（6）を検討し，出現頻度が有意であり，五十音図の掲載順，類似文字の有無が有意傾向であった。拗音表記については，（1），（2）のみを検討したが，出現頻度のみが有意であった。本研究の結果は，仮名文字の習得過程には，文字の形態を識別する視知覚の発達といった言語普遍的な側面だけでなく，文字別の頻度や五十音図といった言語・文化固有の側面が関与していることを示唆している。

抄録全体を表示