上でポータブルなデータベースガーベジコレクション(DBGC)を実現した．本ソフトウェアは，ミドルウェアとして利用するがDBの差異を吸収することでポータブル性を実現している．が保有する完全なテーブル間関連のメタデータを利用してGCを実現するために必須の到達可能経路情報を獲得している．GCのアルゴリズムは湯淺のsnapshot-at-the-beginning法を用いた．マーキングはSQLを用いた集合演算によって行っている．GCのマークを世代番号として表現した整数値のマーキングフラグを導入したことで，スイープを通常のmark-and-sweep法の順序とは異なり，任意のタイミングで行うことができる．オブジェクトの新規追加とポインタの参照先の付け替えに関する情報はが持つオブジェクトの状態監視機構を改変して獲得している．世代番号の制御によってDBアプリケーションと並列にGCを行うことができる．

抄録全体を表示

When Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are bred in a cold and short-day environment, most animals go into hibernation after a certain period of time. However, to date it has not been possible to predict which hamster will enter hibernation. In this study, we subcutaneously implanted thermo-loggers in hamsters bred in the cold environment, and recorded the subcutaneous temperature at short intervals until they went into hibernation. A time series analysis of temperature disclosed that a fall of 0.4 to 0.8°C in subcutaneous temperature was seen 5 to 16 days before entering hibernation, and this phenomenon continued for three days or more. No hamster went into the hibernation without displaying this signal. Although the mechanism by which this phenomenon takes place is not clear, it is a sign from the body, which is useful for indicating if a hamster will enter hibernation shortly.

抄録全体を表示

ウェブアプリケーションの普及にともない，その開発効率を高める手段としてウェブアプリケーションフレームワークが利用されている．本解説論文は，フレームワークを利用するにあたって，利用によるメリットと同時にもたらされる課題について述べるものである．実際の開発プロジェクトのデータを用いて，これらの課題が設計と実装の間のギャップとして現れていることを具体的に示す．

抄録全体を表示

An advantage of an RLD (reconfigurable logic device) such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) is that it can be customized after being manufactured. Due to the aggressive technology scaling, device density is increasing, and it has become a serious problem in power consumption accordingly. In SoC of embedded systems, power gating is one of the major power reduction techniques. However, it is difficult to adopt SRAM-based RLDs because of the high overhead and SRAM being volatile. In this paper, we describe a TEG (test element group) chip of a reconfigurable logic based FeRAM (ferroelectric random access memory) technology. FeRAM brings reconfigurable logic devices the advantage of being a genuine power gater. The chip employs island-style routing architecture and uses a variable grain logic cell as a logic block. A NV-FF (non-volatile flip-flop), which contains FeRAM, a FF, and power-gating control circuits, is used as both configuration memories and FFs in a logic block. The NV-FF can transmit data between FeRAM and FF automatically when a power source is turned off/on. Thus chip-level power gating is possible. The /restore time is less than 1ms. The chip has 18 × 18 logic blocks and an area of 54.76mm².

抄録全体を表示

This paper focuses on the power of comments to predict fault-prone programs. In general, comments along with executable statements enhance the understandability of programs. However, comments may also be used to mask the lack of readability in the program, therefore well-written comments are referred to as “deodorant to mask code smells” in the field of code refactoring. This paper conducts an empirical analysis to examine whether Lines of Comments (LCM) written inside a method's body is a noteworthy metric for analyzing fault-proneness in Java methods. The empirical results show the following two findings: (1) more-commented methods (the methods having more comments than the amount estimated by size and complexity of the methods) are about 1.6 - 2.8 times more likely to be faulty than the others, and (2) LCM can be a useful factor in fault-prone method prediction models along with the method size and the method complexity.

抄録全体を表示

The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, in cooperation with Keio University, have been trying not only to enact various standards for towing the realization of e-government, but also to examine simultaneously utilization of the latest research result. This paper reports practice of a project focusing on the technologies of ontologies and software framework.

抄録全体を表示

This paper focuses on differences in comment densities among individual programmers, and proposes to adjust the conventional code complexity metric (the cyclomatic complexity) by using the abnormality of the comment density. An empirical study with nine popular open source Java products (including 103,246 methods) shows that the proposed metric performs better than the conventional one in predicting change-prone methods; the proposed metric improves the area under the ROC curve (AUC) by about 3.4% on average.

抄録全体を表示

Life table studies in the immature stages of Parnara guttata guttata BREMER et GREY were conducted in the northern peripheral area of its distribution, Joetsu, Niigata, Japan. The mortality by parasitoids in the 4th and 5th instar larvae and pupae was high. Egg parasitism rate was low. Fifteen primary and seven secondary parasitoids were recorded. Among them, four primary and four secondary parasitoids were newly recorded from P. g. guttata. A host-specific parasitoid, Apanteles baoris WILKINSON and an oligophagous parasitoid, Pediobius mitsukurii (ASHMEAD) were predominant even in Joetsu where the hibernation of the host species is impossible. In addition, two subsidiary mortality factors were detected: 1) predation of the 5th instar larvae and pupae by large predators (mainly birds) in the 1st generation, and 2) failure in settlement of hatchlings on leaves in the 2nd generation. The latter was more important on the normal planting rice than on late planting rice. these results were compared to those in central and western Japan where P. g. guttata can .

抄録全体を表示

Web アプリケーションの世界では、入門レベルとフレームワーク・コンテナを駆使するレベルに大きなギャップがあり、この間を埋める教材やツールが欠けているように思われる。本論文では、大規模業務用とは異なる要件をもつ教育用あるいは小規模業務用のコンテナ及びフレームワークとして開発したSabaphy を紹介する。これは、言語にPHP5 を使用し、EJB3 を簡略化したオブジェクト永続化とセッション管理の機能等を提供するもので、特別なインストールは不要、簡単なことは簡単に実行できる、段階的に学習できるといった特徴をもっている。

抄録全体を表示

The age and growth of the labroid fish Halichoeres poecilopterus from the Seto Naikai were estimated by examining the scales based on the specimens collected from the Seto Naikai from 1981 to 1984. With respect to the results of our study, one annulus of each scale is formed once a year in the hibernating period from January to April. This species spawns in early summer from late June to July, based on the temporal fluctuation in gonad index of the female. At the age of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years old, the fishes are 61, 86, 106, 124 and 140mm in standard length, respectively, as estimated by the marginal growth indices. The general growth of the fish is presented by the following formula described by B_ERTALANFFY:
L_t(mm)=234.8{1-e^{-0.151(t-0.986)}}.
The length(mm)-weight (g) relationship of this species is given by the formula, W=4.886×10^-6L^3.280. Consequently the asymptotic weight is estimated as 291.6g.
The mean standard length of the immature yearlings collected in December, 1983 and 1984, were 42.4 and 42.3mm, respectively. The back-calculated standard lengths of yearling fishes in early summer are expected to be 44.7mm in December. The back-calculated standard lengths of the yearling are almost equal to their actual standard length.

抄録全体を表示

In order to clarify whether or not engorged Haemaphysalis flava females exhibit morphogenetic diapause, their feeding and oviposition were observed at 24℃ under three photoperiodic conditions (10L-14D, 12L-12D, and 16L-8D). The feeding period was hardly affected by the different photoperiods. However, the oviposition was retarded by exposure to the 10L-14D photoperiod and partly by the 12L-12D photoperiod. These results suggest that engorged H. flava females enter morphogenetic diapause under medium-day and short-day photoperiods. Thus, most of the H. flava females that are active in the short days of autumn appear to enter morphogenetic diapause and eventually in the engorged state.

抄録全体を表示

Mammalian hibernation is a strategy to survive during harsh winter with severe hypothermia and immobility state. It has attracted many researchers for a long time but still remains to be elucidated. Studies in obligate hibernators such as ground squirrels, chipmunk, and bears have revealed that they undergo systemic body remodeling in a season-dependent manner prior to hibernation. By contrast, a facultative hibernator, Syrian hamster, can in an environment-dependent manner; when they are exposed cold and short photoperiod condition for several months, they begin to . This inducible hibernation allows researchers to study mechanisms and significance of hibernation under a laboratory condition, whereas exact nature of systemic body remodeling for hibernation in Syrian hamsters remain unclear yet. Using histology and exhaustive gene expression analyses, we compared summer-like hamsters and winter-like hamsters and found that Syrian hamsters extensively remodel white adipose tissues during a pre-hibernation period. Particularly, simultaneous up-regulation of gene expression in both lipid catabolisms and lipid anabolisms takes place in winter-like hamsters, which is a unique property of Syrian hamsters, a“food-storing” hibernator who ingests food stored in the nest during hibernation season.

抄録全体を表示

9匹(雌7,雄2)の新生ニホンマムシAgkistrodon b. blomhoffiiを,2年間非冬眠下で,計量したマウスを週1匹の割りで投与して飼育した。飼育開始時平均体重6.0g,平均全長22.1cmのものが,121.3g,54.7cmに成長した。体重と全長の成長率には周期性が見られ,雌の両成長率間には相関があった。全長(Xm)と体重(Yg)との関係は,雌ではY=854X^3.278,雄ではY=680X^3.224の式で示される指数関数となった。月間増加体重は増加全長より,月間捕食量に対し高い相関があった。体重も全長より総捕食量に対し高い相関があり,毎月の体重(Yg)とその時点までの総捕食量(Xg)の関係にはシグモイドカーブがよく当てはまり,雌ではY=331(1-e^{-0.154-0.00173x})^2.088,雄ではY=117(1-e^{-0.632-0.00470x})^3.916となった。転換率(増加体重/餌の捕食重量×100%)は雌雄とも,月齢や全長,体重により変化することはなかった。2年間の平均転換率は,雌が22.9%で,雄の17.4%より高い値を示したが,有意差はなかった。2年間の全長と体重の増加は,この間の総転換率や総捕食量と相関があったが,この中で体重の増加と総捕食量の相関が最も高かった。

抄録全体を表示

In order to clarify whether or not engorged Amblyomma testudinarium Koch nymphs exhibit morphogenetic diapause, their development was observed at 25℃ under four photoperiodic conditions (10L-14D, 11L-13D, 12L-12D, and 16L-8D). The molting of the engorged nymphs was little affected by the exposure to 12L-12D and 16L-8D photoperiods. However, the molting was retarded or arrested by the exposure to 10L-14D and 11L-13D photoperiods. These results suggest that engorged A. testudinarium nymphs enter morphogenetic diapause under short-day photoperiods. Judging from the percentage of molting, their critical photoperiod for the induction of diapause appeared to be close to 11hr. Thus, a part of the A. testudinarium nymphs that are active in autumn enter morphogenetic diapause and in the engorged state.

抄録全体を表示

The seasonal life cycle of the house spider, Achaeranea tepidariorum, was investigated in the field at Hirosaki, Aomori prefecture. Spiders of all nymphal instars and adults were found throughout the year and the overwintering stage was not restricted to a particular developmental stage. The reproductive activity occurred for a long period of time from June to October. The seasonal occurrence of adult males, the egg laying pattern and its geographical variation suggested that in spite of such life cycle characteristics, this species is basically univoltine throughout Japan. The variability of its overwintering stage may have evolved in association with the scattered emergence of the spiderlings over a long period of time.

抄録全体を表示

ミナミアオカメムシの3化期成虫の大部分はスギやイブキの生垣内やキミガヨランの葉のあいだなどで冬を越す。越冬中の平均死亡率はスギ:38.0%,キミガヨラン:64.6%,イブキ:86.0%であった。♀の死亡率は♂に比べて平均11%低かった。冬季死亡率♀♂の差の結果,越冬地における性比(♀/♀+♂)は越冬前の48.3%から越冬後の54.5%に変った。他方,野外における越冬前の性比は晩期栽培水稲のほ場で,越冬後の性比はナタネおよびコムギ畑で調べた結果,それぞれ47.2%, 54.4%で越冬の性比とよく一致した。
越冬場所による死亡率の違いは分布の境界地帯では,ミナミアオカメムシの個体群の存続が好適な越冬場所の有無に大きく左右される点で重要である。また♀の冬季死亡率が♂より低い結果,生殖個体群の♀性比が高くなることは,個体群密度をより高く保とうとする生物の内的要求にも合致する。
1対の2化期の成虫から4.3頭の越冬成虫が生ずると計算されるが,もの羽化から越冬場所および越冬後産卵に至るまでの死亡を考えれば,この値はなお低くなると考えられる

抄録全体を表示

Once a software product has been released, a large number of software products may be derived from an original single product. Management and maintenance of product variants are important, but those are hardly cared because developers do not make efforts for the further maintainability in the initial phase of software development. However, history of products would be lost in typical cases and developers have only source code of products in the worst case. In this paper, we approximate the evolution history of software products using source code of them. Our key idea is that two successive products are the most similar pair of products in evolution history, and have many similar source files. We did an experiment to compare the analysis result with actual evolution history. The result shows 78% (on average) of edges in the extracted trees are consistent with the actual evolution history of the products.

抄録全体を表示