【目的】本研究の目的は，2011年の東日本大震災で被災した子どもを対象としてレジリエンスの向上とストレス反応の低減を目的とした野外教育活動による子どもの変化を明らかにするためのものである。

【方法】2012年7月に野外教育活動への参加を希望する129名の子どもの保護者に対して，震災時の被災状況とストレス反応を含む質問紙調査を実施した。8月にこれらの子どもたちは，レジリエンスの向上とストレス反応の低下を目的とした野外教育活動に1～2回参加した。半年後，フォローアップ野外活動が実施された。

【結果】（1）ストレス反応を調べた項目の因子分析の結果，3因子（「不安と甘え」「怒り」「よい子」）が抽出された。（2）夏の活動以降6カ月時点で，30名の参加者の「怒り」因子が有意に低下した。（3）自由記述に回答した保護者の30名中25名全員が夏の活動以降子どもの行動が望ましい方向への変化を報告したことが示された。

【考察】上記の結果から，野外教育活動が子どものストレス反応の減少に有効である可能性が示唆された。野外教育活動のどのような構成要素が効果的であるのかについて論じられた。

障がいのある人々にとって外出は容易なものではない。本研究の対象である，重度の肢体不自由と知的障がいのある「重症心身障がい者」は身体的機能や介助者の負担などから外出自体が困難な場合がある。新型コロナウイルス感染症の蔓延禍では，障がい者は健常者以上に影響を受け，外出先での活動内容の見直しや外出機会自体が減少したと考えられる。本研究では，コロナ禍において障害福祉サービス等事業所が外出を伴う余暇活動を実施する際に考慮事項や課題を明らかにすることで，外出時の障がいとなる要因を把握するとともに，外出時の身体的負担を軽減するための配慮事項や取組を探る。

 In recent years, the new housing market is expected to shrink in the medium to long term due to the declining population and aging.Among them, the renovation market has been activated.

 The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is developing homes with longer life spans and multiple generations.One of them is the skeleton infill housing, which has the flexibility to meet the diverse needs of residents.Until now, partitions and storage furniture with changeability and renewability have been proposed for skeleton infill houses.

 The partition can maintain privacy to by dividing spaces.In addition, the partition can be formed into an L-shaped or U-shaped shape having a side length by connecting the ends at right angles.

 The purpose of this study is to clarify the perceived shapes and visual impressions of the side length in the U shape partition. The videos of all 36 partitions were displayed to the subjects at random in the experiment.After that, the subjects wrote the perceived shapes on the floor plan, and answered questionnaires for visual impressions.The experimental video was taken using VR presentation 1/10 scale models and was viewed using a head-mounted display.

 Table 4 shows the correlation coefficients between the sum of the lengths on both sides, the number and areas of perceived shapes.The correlation coefficient between the number of perceived shapes and the sum of both side lengths was 0.87.We found that the side lengths in the partition greatly contributed to the number of perceived shapes.

 Fig. 10 shows the relationship between perceived shapes and side lengths.A large difference in the length of both sides [D. Both sides asymmetry] suggested that three or more types constituted 50% of the cumulative composition ratio, and thus divided in various ways.

 Fig. 12 shows the relationship between perceived shapes and visual impressions.Focusing on the value of [T_0-0] in [a. No side], the relationship becomes weaker when any of the side lengths is 300 mm or more.Also, it was found that the comfort was improved when the thickness was 600 mm or more.

 Focusing on the sum of the side lengths in A [1, 8], long patterns tend to have weak "relationship" and short patterns tend to have "relationship". In B [2, 8] and C [3, 8], the weaker the relationship, the better the comfort. In D [4, 8], the relationship is strong. In F [1, 3, 8] and G [1, 3, 6, 8], comfortable is good.

 From these results, it was suggested that the space could be variously divided according to the side length in the U shape partition. We found that the side length in the U shape partition has the effect of providing a comfortable and attractive space while preserving privacy.

 Nobuko Nakahara is one of the prominent architects who led the postwar housing design and established Hayashi-Yamada-Nakahara, Architects and Preservation in 1958. In this paper, it is aimed at comprehensively clarifying the design process and the background of “Chogakuin temple (1962)” with the HP shell roof which was completed just 4 years after her office was founded. She entered the Ikebe Laboratory of the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo as a technical research student, and in the midst of the Controversies on Japanese tradition that involved Kiyoshi Ikebe, she was in charge of designing works “Number 20” and “Number 28.” In addition, the Ikebe Laboratory was actively working on a shell structure which was a new technology at that time. And, Nakahara closely related herself to “Numazu City Public Hall(1953)” designed by Ikebe Laboratory, and became close to Hoji Nukushina who was indirectly involved in structural design and Takumi Orimoto, a structural designer of “Number 38 (1958)”. Buildings adopting HP shell in Japan were built from around 1952. The number of shingles of the HP shell accounts for mostly one which constitutes one unit by one sheet and one which constitutes one unit by four sheets. As a new construction of reinforced concrete construction, “Chogakuin temple” is a work that Nobuko Nakahara first worked on after the establishment of the office and was published in a magazine titled “Integration of HP Shell and Tradition.” Chief priest and Parishioners wanted a warm and soft atmosphere. Therefore, Nakahara responded to the demand by adopting "Disconnected HP shell, " for example, by curving the edge beam of the shell. At the time, there were no roofs of exactly the same shape as this. The roof of the main “Chogakuin temple” is a combination of 4 HP shells, and its roof is supported by 4 pillars. The beams and pillars have an equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape, and they handle rainwater with grooves in them. Works that used “Disconnected HP shell” in times when structural expressionism is popular, “Chogakuin temple” is the only example, other than the saddle shell.

 The reason why Nobuko Nakahara was able to complete the design of “Chogakuin temple” to integrate HP shell and the Japanese tradition in 1962, the following could be noted.

 1. She learned about modern architectural thinking from Kiyoshi Ikebe so she could understand Japanese traditional design and structural expressionism.

 2. She experienced the Controversies on Japanese tradition in Ikebe Laboratory and others, and established a basic way of thinking against this problem. She accepted positively the desire of Chief priest and Parishioners while designing this temple.

 3. In the Ikebe Laboratory which was motivated to apply the new technology, she learned about HP shell, gained network with structural designer Hoji Nukushina and others, and completed the “Chogakuin temple” design under the support of them.

 The way of thinking of Kiyoshi Ikebe about tradition simply did not adopt the Japanese element as it was. On the Contrary, it was going beyond tradition using new materials, construction methods, and techniques. As a disciple of Kiyoshi Ikebe, Nobuko Nakahara followed his idea with the cooperation of others and applied them to “Chogakuin temple” in its realization.